A Study On Klebsiella Pneumonia Atcc 8724

A mixed culture of two unknown bacteria was provided by the instructor. The methods used for

In the beginning of lab, we were advised to obtain a nutrient agar petri plate, which is used for the cultivation of microbes supporting growth of non-fastidious organisms. Since it contains many nutrients, a wide variety of bacteria and fungi can grow. Taking the plate,

Usually fermentation of raw materials by their indigenous microflora has been applied for production of fermented foods, nevertheless, many risks associated with that should be distinguished: questionable sanitary safety of obtained products and unstable fermentation process due to instability of commonly multi-strain starter culture are main of them. These disadvantages of spontaneous fermentation and its related risks should be minimised in industrial production of fermented foods. Therefore microbiologically defined starter cultures that ensure faster and more controlled fermentation process and final products with constantly desired quality are extensively studied in respect to physiological properties of certain strains and their mutual relationship with environment of specific raw-material and conditions of the process (Faid et al., 1997; Sahlin, 1999; Dai et al., 2013).

The first result of importance was the result of the Gram stain. The observations of the unknown bacteria from the slant culture after Gram staining showed that the unknown bacteria were Gram negative bacilli (Image 1). After determining the unknown bacteria was Gram negative, an oxidase test was conducted on a sample from the slant culture. The cotton swap with the sample of bacteria did not change color when the oxidase reagent was applied, thus providing a negative result. With a negative oxidase test, further tests were conducted to determine various characteristics of the unknown bacteria. A MR-VP broth was inoculated with a sample from a slant culture of unknown bacteria. After incubation, the methyl red reagent was added to the broth, and the broth turned red, providing a positive result (Image 2). An EMB agar streak plate was inoculated with a sample from a slant culture of the unknown bacteria, and after incubation, growth was found on the plate, providing a positive result (Image 3). A Citrate agar slant was inoculated, and after incubation, growth was found on the media, providing a positive result (Image 4). A Urea agar slant was inoculated, and after incubation, the agar had changed from a peach color to a bright pink color, providing a positive result (Image 5). Using the flowchart (Figure 1) developed from the Table of Expected Results, the lab partners started at the oxidase test. Given the negative result of the oxidase test, the flowchart is

(Biology Dept.). 0.1 ml of E.coli K or 0.1ml of E.coli B was added to the 10 fold dilution. Using soft agar technique, the growth media mixture with E.coli was plated and incubated.

70µL of competent E.coli are added to both test tubes; pUC18 and Lux (Alberte et al., 2012). Both test tubes are then tapped and placed back into the ice bath for 15 minutes. While waiting, another test tube is obtained, filled with 35µL of competent cells and labeled NP for no plasmid. A water bath is preheated to 37 degrees Celsius and all three labeled test tubes are inserted into the bath for five minutes (Alberte et al., 2012). Using a sterile pipet 300µL of nutrient broth are inserted into both the control and Lux test tubes and 150µL are inserted to the no plasmid test tube to increase bacterial growth. All three test tubes are then incubated at 37 degrees for 45 minutes. Six agar plates are obtained and labeled to correspond each test tube, three of the plates contain ampicillin. A pipet is used to remove 130µl from each test tube containing a plasmid and insert it into the corresponding agar plate. For this, a cell spreader is first

In June of 2011, a woman entered the National Institutes of Health Research Hospital in Bethesda Maryland with a serious, but fairly routine infection; however the subsequent events were to prove anything but routine. The woman was suffering from an infection caused by an antibiotic-resistant organism, but it was a new strain, never before encountered. About a month after she was treated and discharged, another patient came down with the same infection, and then more and more. After many unsuccessful attempts to isolate the cause of the infections, the NIH eventually used a new technology, known as "Whole Genome Sequencing," to isolate the pattern of infection and bring it under control. (Melissa Block, Eddie Cornish) This process is a new way to quickly isolate and sequence the entire genome of a particular organism, which the NIH used to help identify the pattern of infection. Of the 17 other patients who contracted the infection, six died, but it was learned that the pathogen can be transmitted in ways never before seen. (Melissa Block, Eddie Cornish)

You can grow microorganisms in liquid media or on solid media. Most bacteria can be grown in labs as long as the media contain a source of the major nutrients; carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, and phosphorous. They may also need to have other nutrients. These nutrients are made into a broth and the pH and salinity can be adjusted. The nutrient broth is placed in test tubes, which are plugged with cotton wool, capped with foil and then sterilised in an autoclave, at 121c for 20minutes. These tubes are then cooled before they are inoculated. To prepare the streak plates we dipped an inoculating loop into ethanol then placed it in the flame until the loop glowed red. Still holding the inoculating loop by its handle we removed the lid from

pneumoniae were EMB, Oxidase, Citrate, Gelatin, Glucose, Lactose, SIM, Methyl Red, vogues Proskauer and phenylalanine. The start of the Biochemical test consisted of inoculation on regular nutrient agar and incubating for 48 hours. After incubation, gram staining was done to identify the bacterium as either gram positive or negative along with the shape of the bacterium using a microscope. The bacterium was then inoculated on EMB based on the identification of it being gram negative. After the inoculation on EMB, Oxidase, Citrate, Gelatin, Glucose, Lactose, SIM, Phenylalanine, and MR-VP were inoculated and incubated for 5 days. The results of each biochemical were observed and

Before plating the strains on agar plates, dilutions of the three strains of cells were prepared with LB broth.

The sterile blank paper disks were coated by the casting of 50 µl of polyacrylic latex modified with 1%T/PANI100:5 additive. Fresh cultures of bacteria were inoculated on nutrient broth and incubated for 24 hour at 37ºC. Definite amount of Muller- Hinton agar was poured into the sterile plate until to be solid. The blank paper disks were impregnated in the inoculated agars. Control disks were prepared using unmodified polyacrylic emulsion. The inoculated plates were incubated at 37ºC under LED lamp light irradiation for 24 h. Antibacterial activity was investigated by measuring the inhibition zones in reference to the test organisms.

Introduction: Through the conduction of numerous experiments, the identity of two bacterial isolates was determined. The tested specimen was an unknown sample of a mixed culture of two different species of bacteria. The first step that was taken was obtaining a pure culture of each species of bacteria by isolating one species from the other. Once isolation was complete, the isolated cultures were tested using procedures that had been performed during previous lab sessions. A gram stain was performed on the two isolates. The isolate which had tested gram negative was then tested for the presence of cytochrome C and lactose fermentation. For the gram positive isolate, cell shape was determined and a catalase test was performed.

The purpose of the two experiments was to determine the fundamental effects that temperature has on the growth and survival of bacteria. During the first experiment five different bacterial broth cultures of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus stearothermophilus were individually incubated at temperatures of 5, 25, 37, 45 and 55°C for one week in an aim to distinguish the effect temperature has on growth and survival of the five different species. After one week they were observed for distinguishable changes by the turbidity showing an indication of bacterial growth, or the clarity an indication of no survival.

This is a case of a 74 year old woman who was diagnosed with Community Acquired Pneumonia.

A fresh pipette was used to transfer 0.5ml of broth culture of E. coli, to be inoculated, into a tube of molten agar previously boiled to drive off oxygen. The tube was then rolled to distribute the bacteria and allowed time for the agar to harden. The tube was incubated at 37oC for 48 hours. The procedure was repeated for broth cultures of the bacterium Clostridium sporogenes and B. Subtilis.