A Study On Pharmacology Teaching Project

I was well versed with the patient’s medical history and current treatment, as I was the Long Call IM PGY – II Resident who supervised the medical intern when this patient was being downgraded from the ICU to the medical floor on 5/20/17 (and even suggested to the medical intern to add in her notes that the patient would benefit from statins, ACE inhibition and Spironolactone given CAD, CVA and HFrEF (LVEF < 35%.) The medical team subsequently started the patient on Atorvastatin 40 MG PO QHS, Lisinopril 10 MG PO QD and Spironolactone 12.5 MG PO QD.

It is where the fracture of the skull occurs due to sudden blow or sharp objects. This requires immediate medical treatment to avoid the life threatening. (Van Meter & Hubert, 2014.)

S.D. was admitted to the telemetry unit and an IV amiodarone drip was started. The purpose of the drug was to convert her atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm. Although her heart rate has decreased to 108 beats/minute, she remains in atrial fibrillation 24 hours later. A cardiologist was consulted and electrical cardioversion is

Lightheadedness and fainting may also be signs of toxicity (Medline Plus, 2015).While patients are taking Lisinopril their blood pressure should be monitor closely and they should have BUN/or ALT and AST did to check their liver function (Micromedex, 2017). Mrs. Cynthia is at risk of developing hyperkalemia because she is diabetic and taking this drugs (Toxnet, 2017). Other patients that are at risk are those with renal impairment, those taking drugs that can elevate their potassium level (Toxnet, 2017). A patient who is pregnant should not take Lisinopril and if they become pregnant they should stop the medication and inform their doctor. It can harm both mother and baby by causing low blood pressure, damage to the kidney and even cause the death of the newborn (American Heart Association, 2017).

Mr. S is a 29-year-old male with past medical history of (PMH) hypertension (HTN) and obesity who presented to local emergency room (ER) with headache and chest and back pain. Mr. s had been seen at urgent care three days prior for a headache and near syncope and was told to hold his metoprolol due to bradycardia. Due to health insurance related problem, he has been off amlodipine and lisinopril for a month.

Patients who have congestive heart failure and do not respond to diuretics may benefit from a combination of several types of diuretic medication, each with a different system of action. Another medication for someone that has congestive heart failure can take Beta-blockers. Side effects include fatigue, cold hands, headache, upset stomach, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, and shortness of breath. Data reported from 17 studies, researchers came to the conclusion that the risk of death from all causes was 31 percent lower in patients with heart failure who were treated with beta-blockers than in those not receiving such medications. Aldosterone blockers is a form of medication one may take to help slow down the rate of congestive heart failure.This medication can sometimes affect kidney function and can also increase potassium levels. Aldosterone blockers are prescribed to individuals who develop heart failure after a heart attack. Studies show that these medications can reduce the risk of hospitalization and death from cardiovascular disease. The last form of medication is BiDil (isosorbide

“The patient is Adam Rudd, a 78 y/o white male with a history of hypertension. He has been diagnosed with hypertension past 15 years and is on anti-hypertensive medications and aspirin. He is very weak and short of breath. He is accompanied with his longtime friend Jennifer, who reports that Rudd was looking very weak and was complaining of severe headache and blurred vision before coming to the hospital. He is 5’9” and weighs 270 lb. Vital signs recorded were: oral temperature 98.20 F, BP 224/120 mm Hg with a heart rate of 102 beats/minute and respiration of 24 breaths per minute. The pulse oximetry reading was 94% on room air. He is complaining of severe headache and blurred vision. Rudd said that he did not take his antihypertensive medication or aspirin since he ran out of pills. He has not been taking his medication for past 15 days. He reports no known allergies to any medications or other substances.”

* Compare and contrast safe medication administration for a very young and very old patient.

It inhibits Na+K+ ATPase active transport raising cytosolic Na+ concentrtion and leading to the increasement of Ca2+ concentration in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by the reversival exchange of Na+ and Ca2+ in the myocardial cell. This increase in the contraction of the heart (32) and improve cardiac outpur , left ventricualr ejection fraction, stroke volume, pulmonary capilary wedge pressure and exercise tolerance (33). Secondly, digoxin produce vagus activation showing negavite chronotropic action in SA node and negative dromotropic action in AV node. This lead to a shift in automatic balance by dominating the positive iontropic action of the drugs digoxin (33). In this way digoxin is cosinder as a only available inotropic drug which increase cardiac output and decreae pulmoary capillary wedge preure with our increasing heart rate and without decreasing blood pressure

It is also related that the oral and inhaled long-acting beta2 agonists are used for maintenance therapy. However, systemic or parental and oral are contraindicate for high-risk patients with tachycardia associated with digitalis toxicity, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, organic heart disease, hypertension or angina pectoris.

Based on the medical report dated 04/14/16, the patient presents for medication maintenance. He reports ongoing pain, withdrawal symptoms such as increased pain,

Moreover, patients may be advised to remove several foods from their diet because of possible side effects that the combinantion of food-drug might have. In summary, the caregiver should inform the patient the drug’s brand and generic names, its purpose, administration routes, potential side effects, and specific precautions to take prior administration of the drug. The patient should show understanding of the taught material back to the caregiver as a summary or

This is an 82-year-old gentleman, who was referred from Dr. Gretchen Marsh’s office because the patient’s BUN and creatinine were high, as he has acute kidney injury. The patient went to Dr. Marsh’s office yesterday and was having generalized weakness. He does not have any vomiting. No diarrhea. No fever. No cough with expectoration. No sharpness. No wheezing. No headache. No dizziness. No passing out. No rectal bleeding. No hematemesis. No abdominal pain. No sore throat. No stuffy nose. No cough with expectoration. No burning, frequency, or

Relevant interactions: Diuretics - hypokalemia, predisposing patient to digitalis toxicity. Antacids - decreased absorption of oral digoxin.

Digoxin toxicity. Digoxin has a narrow therapeutic index and chronic toxicity is more likely in the elderly and those with renal impairment. Since Mr Buchanan is 75 years old, he may already have some form of renal impairment and therefore is at a higher risk of developing toxic serums levels if continually taking Digoxin (Australian Medicines Handbook, 2016 and Nickson, 2014). Digoxin toxicity can be caused by prolonged use, an overdose or a general increase in the current dose (Australian Medicines Handbook, 2016). If Mr Buchanan is taking digoxin for an extended amount of time, he may build up a tolerance to its effects due to being consistently exposed to the drug (Australian Medicines Handbook, 2016). This is significant risk