Design a Study
Teachers who have higher expectations of their student’s abilities will have a higher academic achievement as compared to teachers who have low expectations of their students abilities. In this study, the independent variable is the expectation of the teachers on their student’s abilities, and the dependent variable is the student achievements based upon the teacher expectations. The achievements can be measured by monitoring classrooms in a high school setting for English class for one year, with some classes having a teacher with high expectations, and other classes having a teacher with low expectations. The achievements would be measured by a preliminary assessment, test results, quarterly reports, and an end of year
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The first limitation I came across was that the students themselves can determine their academic achievements. For example they could be really good students who try there hardest no matter what or there could be bad students who do not care if you have high expectations or not. Secondly, the subject at hand can also have a big influence. In this case the
subject is English because it is a requirement class. Therefore if the student enjoys english they will do very well and achieve good things because they enjoy learning about the subject. But if the student does not enjoy english they will not care to do their best on their work and will do the minimum to just pass the class. Lastly, the atmosphere they are in is also another thing that can influence the student. If they are in an atmosphere where the whole class acts up and does not do their work they will follow in those footsteps. However if they are surrounded by a mixture of people who do their work or do not do their work they will choose to do what they think is best.
Fear and Affiliation
In a previous study, a researcher decided to test if people who experience fear prefer to be alone or with other people. In this study, the participants were all women and were randomly assigned to either condition— the “fear” condition and the “no fear” condition. The dependent variable being the women and how their emotions and choice to stay together or alone will be measured, and the
Mr. P’s problem is excess fluid volume; he needs to remain free of edema, moist crackles throughout lung fields, and labored breathing as soon as possible. Mr. P should be assessed for abnormal heart and lung sounds as well as blood pressure and pulse. He will also need to be given oxygen. There must be close monitoring of his intake as well as output noting signs showing decreasing urine output in relation to overload. It is important to measure these trends because Mr. P has fluid volume overload (Ackley et al., 2008). In addition, there will be provision of a restricted diet as appropriate. It is critical for Mr. P to excrete excess fluid as much as possible; therefore sodium restriction in the diet will be beneficial.
Generally, when looking at each items vertically, most of the columns start with ones which indicates that this skill was easy for the higher ability students and finish with most of zeros which demonstrates that it was difficult for the lower ability students. In between, there is a mixture of ones and zeroes breaking down in the column. This demonstrates that the items in this task are suitable to use to analyse students’ ability. However, there is an irregular pattern of 1’s and 0’s for the item 1.2. The less able students could get this skill while the more able students could not get it. This may be because these students did not have this skill. Therefore, this item is still suitable to be used to assess the student’s abilities.
The educational system in the United States has gone through many changes over the last century. These changes are a part of a constant movement toward educational excellence for every child in this nation. One of the most recent acts placed on public school systems by the government is to create more accountability for schools in order to ensure that all children are receiving the proper education. Part of this mandate is that public schools will require students to take tests in order to gather information about their academic achievement. Although educators and administrators claim that the mandatory ability testing programs being initiated in America’s public schools will hold students and teachers accountable for academic
In this case study, Marie has showed to be very good at computer games, and showed to have a good range of mathematics skills. Also, she does not feel the same towards different situations like the other children in her school. In her class when of the pet animals died she felt unconditional towards the event and was more worried to what was going to happen to the dead pet rather then feeling sad for its death. As for the skills that she acquired through computer games, this could be seen as strength because according to a previous study, children who suffer from autism can develop a certain skill faster than other children (Pring, L., Hermelin, B., & Heavey, L. 1995). Also, the mathematics skills are one of her strengths, as she does not see the world around her like the other children this helps her focus on a main topic more easily than someone that does not have her ability (McMullen, 2000). Autism can make her apathetic towards emotions and feelings, this could be seen as strength as well as a disadvantage, Marie can be spared from feeling sadness, therefore, she can pay attention to details rather than focus on other preoccupations, but she also won’t be able to understand sarcasm and could take words and events quite literally (Cumine, Dunlop & Stevenson, 1998).
One expert who caught my attention was Dr. Janet Elder, who told me about the six characteristic of being a successful student. The six traits are to use strategies, to be prepared, to be responsible, to be organized, to be respectful, and attend all classes to become successful. Sharon Bowman, an expert trainer, told me the levels of learning. Unconscious incompetence shows students that they don’t know the skill at all, and don’t know what's going on. Conscious competence lets students know that they know the knowledge, and know what is expected. Dr. Yvonne Thorton, another expert, gave us a brief explanation of the rabbit theory, which advices someone who is doing poorly on tests to pick up the traits of someone who is doing positively, and see those traits can help them move forward. Stephen Covey explained that building something strong does not just happen overnight. Students must spend time in order for their skills to
The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze which 5th grade teacher inputs are the most important predictors of future achievement of 8th grade math students in classrooms as measured by cognitive exam test scores. The theoretical framework of which this study will be looked at is an education production function. In looking at a study through the lens of an education production function, a trend in the research has emerged in using regression analysis to answer questions.
Undoubtedly, teachers have the greatest influence on student achievement (Hanushek, 2014, p. 274; Harris, 2014, p. 771). Considering that students spend that largest portion of their day with a teacher, it is easy to assume that teachers are the sole persons responsible for students’ academic and social development. However, Hanushek (2014), contends that teachers alone are not responsible for student achievement. There are several education inputs that contribute to the outcome, or student achievement, as often measured by test scores; education inputs include teacher quality, school resources, and family attributes (Hanushek, 2014, p. 273). Contrary to the education input identified by Hanushek, the Coleman Report - which introduced the concept of education production functions - concluded that school, as an input, did not matter (Hanushek, 1979, p. 352; Hanushek, 2014, p. 273).
Gaining experience as a future teacher helps in understanding the multiple challenges of education. By observing these challenges, one becomes better equipped and more prepared to enter the field. Learning theories, behavioral tendencies, and social development are all factors that affect a student’s success in education. In this paper I will analyze and explain the observations made inside and outside of the classroom at Clarkston High School.
Low self-esteem and low educational expectations for themselves is a sure sign (Eckstem,1987; Rumberger, 1983). Ambient emotions are signs and they consist of fear, anxiety, and boredom (Connell, 1990). One of the subjects, Joey, understood the importance of learning and school, however, he did what was culturally right for him (Willis, 1977). Student’s seem to think that social context such as family support and school environment has a direct influence on self-system and then it leads to affecting the student’s action (Connell, 1990). Many of the risk factors that are examined are self-esteem, locus of control, and educational expectations (Dyaski, Gleason, 2002). Studies have shown that students with low literacy skills tend to have lower grades and that leads to disengagement (Pinkus, 2008). If teachers have high expectations to the point students cannot seem to meet them they become discouraged and disengaged (Pinkus, 2008). Noticing when a student is not getting enough praise or effective praise is important because this can cause students to draw away from school. (Hallinan, 2008). Failing grades in core courses is a sign (Pinkus, 2008). Feelings of being ignored, misunderstood, devalued, and disrespected are hard signs to see, however, extremely important ones (Pinkus, 2008). Students can be affected by many things, teachers need to try to determine whether it is a sign or if the student is just having a bad day. Some things that may affect a student
Furthermore, there are many factors that have strong influences on student learning gains, including the influences of previous teachers, tutors, family resources, family mobility, the quality of curriculum materials and class size. (2013 Economic Policy Institute). In fact, factors other than the teacher account for roughly 85-90% of the variation in students’ test scores, while teachers account for only 10-15% of the variance in scores (Strauss 2012). Therefore, handing teachers high ratings merely if their students have high test scores would create many miscalculations of teachers’ true capabilities. An example of this can be shown from the
Teacher expectancy describes a behavior in which teachers, whether consciously or unconsciously, ascribe judgements about a student’s perceived academic performance before the student hands anything in. This effect is especially prominent in the deficit model of education, in which students are viewed as receptacles for knowledge and teachers as the faucets that pour knowledge into these receptacles. Teacher expectancy, among other factors, leads to the educational
In particular, since “gains” and “levels” incentive schemes focus on the average term, these two incentive schemes need to transform individual students’ academic performance into a single measure. As a result, such performance index might weight some students in class more than others. In order to maximize their expected return to efforts in terms of gains or levels on the standardized exam, teachers might triage certain students in class at the expense of others.
It is easy to blame teachers for the success, or lack thereof, of their students’. What people do not realize is that sometimes even the most qualified teachers cannot change how well or poorly their students will do. In Richard Rothstein’s, Why Children from Lower Socioeconomic Classes, on Average, Have Lower Academic Achievement than Middle-Class Children, we get a look into what teachers can and cannot control when it comes to their students achievements based on their socioeconomic status.
Teachers play a pivotal role in shaping the behaviour and educational success of students and as such they carry a huge responsibility in the classroom. Everything the teacher says or do has a great impact on students’ lives as students depend on the teacher for guidance, for determining acceptable and social behaviour in the classroom and more importantly their learning and academic success. In addition, the role played by the teacher in fostering students learning causes them to exhibit certain attitudes which could have a long lasting negative or positive influence on students. Based on research it was surmised that high teacher expectation mean that the teacher believe that the student is a high-achiever and the dynamics
The word achievement can be defined as the successful execution of an act. In learning, achievement is the furthering of one's knowledge, typically through an instructional environment provided to the learner; such as public schools. In the large majority of public school systems today, the quality of a student's academic performances and the ability of the teachers who instruct these students are based on the highly controversial yearly standardized testing structure. This structure requires all test-takers to answer a fixed amount of similarly based questions to provide what many presume is an accurate measure of that student’s in-school achievement. However, many others believe these methods are inconclusive and unfair when determining an individual's expertise in a specific area. An award-winning author, Jeannie Fulbright, was once quoted saying “If the purpose of learning is to score well on a test, we've lost sight in the real reason for learning”. In this quote, Fulbright conveys her displeasure with the current standardized testing methods in place. She is not alone in her distaste with this most common evaluation of young learners. This approach is widely criticized due to the level of stress it places on students, as well as it’s forcing of educators to concentrate on keeping pace with a curriculum centered around a test rather than their pupil’s comprehension of a topic. In view of the basis of these opinions against yearly standardized testing, the procedures in