A Study On Student 's Abilities

Generally, when looking at each items vertically, most of the columns start with ones which indicates that this skill was easy for the higher ability students and finish with most of zeros which demonstrates that it was difficult for the lower ability students. In between, there is a mixture of ones and zeroes breaking down in the column. This demonstrates that the items in this task are suitable to use to analyse students’ ability. However, there is an irregular pattern of 1’s and 0’s for the item 1.2. The less able students could get this skill while the more able students could not get it. This may be because these students did not have this skill. Therefore, this item is still suitable to be used to assess the student’s abilities.

We should never let students decide what we learn in class. We have to test them to see how good they are and how we can improve the class, so that they get better and are able to learn more. We also shouldn't just leave the class the same, we

Undoubtedly, teachers have the greatest influence on student achievement (Hanushek, 2014, p. 274; Harris, 2014, p. 771). Considering that students spend that largest portion of their day with a teacher, it is easy to assume that teachers are the sole persons responsible for students’ academic and social development. However, Hanushek (2014), contends that teachers alone are not responsible for student achievement. There are several education inputs that contribute to the outcome, or student achievement, as often measured by test scores; education inputs include teacher quality, school resources, and family attributes (Hanushek, 2014, p. 273). Contrary to the education input identified by Hanushek, the Coleman Report - which introduced the concept of education production functions - concluded that school, as an input, did not matter (Hanushek, 1979, p. 352; Hanushek, 2014, p. 273).

The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze which 5th grade teacher inputs are the most important predictors of future achievement of 8th grade math students in classrooms as measured by cognitive exam test scores. The theoretical framework of which this study will be looked at is an education production function. In looking at a study through the lens of an education production function, a trend in the research has emerged in using regression analysis to answer questions.

Given the performance index and the reward structure, teachers will allocate effort across students in the class based on the cost of effort and their expected marginal returns to effort. For example, when teachers are ranked and rewarded according to the class average levels, teachers will choose an optimal allocation of effort that maximizes the class average score on the standardized exam. Assume costs of effort are similar across students, teachers will focus more on students for whom the expected return to effort is the highest in terms of gains on the standardized exam. In contrast, teachers focus less on students with high initial academic ability because they believe that these students’ achievement gains are less likely to be rewarded due

Sanders and Rivers found that if students have three consecutive years in a class, under highly effective teachers in math, they scored much higher on achievement test. They also determined that low achieving students greatly profited from good teaching. However, they also found that the contrary was true, if the students had less effective teachers, their score dropped significantly. Sanders and Rivers also determined that good quality teaching in the later grades could help to better scores. They also summarized that these gains were increasing and lasting. (Hoy, 2013)

The word achievement can be defined as the successful execution of an act. In learning, achievement is the furthering of one's knowledge, typically through an instructional environment provided to the learner; such as public schools. In the large majority of public school systems today, the quality of a student's academic performances and the ability of the teachers who instruct these students are based on the highly controversial yearly standardized testing structure. This structure requires all test-takers to answer a fixed amount of similarly based questions to provide what many presume is an accurate measure of that student’s in-school achievement. However, many others believe these methods are inconclusive and unfair when determining an individual's expertise in a specific area. An award-winning author, Jeannie Fulbright, was once quoted saying “If the purpose of learning is to score well on a test, we've lost sight in the real reason for learning”. In this quote, Fulbright conveys her displeasure with the current standardized testing methods in place. She is not alone in her distaste with this most common evaluation of young learners. This approach is widely criticized due to the level of stress it places on students, as well as it’s forcing of educators to concentrate on keeping pace with a curriculum centered around a test rather than their pupil’s comprehension of a topic. In view of the basis of these opinions against yearly standardized testing, the procedures in

Dense material written in difficult language with jumbled up content and too much course lead to cognitive overload and students hardly ever show interest in such subjects. Again the role of teacher is very important for creating interest of students in subject. If the teacher of a particular subject is non interactive, has poor command over subject, doesn’t maintain eye contact, a source of stress and anxiety for students, asks questions beyond curriculum, lack essential clinical abilities, reluctant of using innovations and not easily accessible then student will not show any enthusiasm to learn and will not get interested in learning such a subject. Even when teacher is disorganized and non constructive than clinical activities of students will go unsupervised and they will become frustrated leading to loss of interest in that particular subject which in turn leave bad impact on their studies. Ultimately it will lead to superficial approach towards learning. Students lose their interest when there is poor academic environment, minimum involvement of students, lack of innovation and proper orientation of tasks, no social interaction and student perception of

Teacher expectancy describes a behavior in which teachers, whether consciously or unconsciously, ascribe judgements about a student’s perceived academic performance before the student hands anything in. This effect is especially prominent in the deficit model of education, in which students are viewed as receptacles for knowledge and teachers as the faucets that pour knowledge into these receptacles. Teacher expectancy, among other factors, leads to the educational

Low self-esteem and low educational expectations for themselves is a sure sign (Eckstem,1987; Rumberger, 1983). Ambient emotions are signs and they consist of fear, anxiety, and boredom (Connell, 1990). One of the subjects, Joey, understood the importance of learning and school, however, he did what was culturally right for him (Willis, 1977). Student’s seem to think that social context such as family support and school environment has a direct influence on self-system and then it leads to affecting the student’s action (Connell, 1990). Many of the risk factors that are examined are self-esteem, locus of control, and educational expectations (Dyaski, Gleason, 2002). Studies have shown that students with low literacy skills tend to have lower grades and that leads to disengagement (Pinkus, 2008). If teachers have high expectations to the point students cannot seem to meet them they become discouraged and disengaged (Pinkus, 2008). Noticing when a student is not getting enough praise or effective praise is important because this can cause students to draw away from school. (Hallinan, 2008). Failing grades in core courses is a sign (Pinkus, 2008). Feelings of being ignored, misunderstood, devalued, and disrespected are hard signs to see, however, extremely important ones (Pinkus, 2008). Students can be affected by many things, teachers need to try to determine whether it is a sign or if the student is just having a bad day. Some things that may affect a student

The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationship and influence between a teacher expectations and student achievements in class. Does that student whom the teacher is always giving extra lessons and is always more patient with or whom always takes the longest to answer a question, and is always called on, is he the one who is getting the most out of that class? According to several studies and experiments they all say yes and student does achieve to be more successful if their teacher takes a little of their time to help the student and let them answer that hard question with more time than the other students. Studies have shown that teachers’ expectations are more likely to influence the student’s performance. The attitude of the teacher can change how they see the actions of a student and allow them to make different opinions. As shown in Elisha Babad, Frank Bernieri, and Robert Rosenthal’s study (1991) from the book Social Psychology written by David G Myers, students are very sensitive to teachers’ facial expressions and body movements (111; bk.ch3). A teacher’s attitude can influence their judgment of a student in class room behavior; namely, their own attitudes can cause the fundamental attribution error to occur as well as the Self- fulfilling prophecy, as reflected in a student’s performance.

Schools and teachers are expected to educate students of all learning abilities and cultural backgrounds. Many states, including Pennsylvania, are focused not only on the academic achievement of every student, but also their academic growth. Pennsylvania school performance ratings and teacher evaluations are based on several metrics including the percentage of students scoring proficient or advanced on end-of-course standardized tests and the percentage of students who demonstrated a year’s worth of academic growth for each year in school (Rules and

The teacher’s expectations often had an enormous impact on how the student preformed and how motivated they would be. If the teacher were to set high expectations in the younger grades (elementary

Essentially all countries of the world today understand the examination and arrangement estimation of student performance data that originate from testing the psychological abilities of students. While there is wide variety crosswise over countries in testing - contrasting by topic, grade level, reason, and nature of testing - surveying, what students know instead of to what extent they have been in school has diffused the world over, to a limited extent at the incitement of worldwide advancement. To some degree, less known is that near cross-national testing has been continuing for quite a while. Countries took part in like manner global evaluations of arithmetic and science much sooner than they established national testing programs. These regular global evaluations give one of a kind information to comprehension both the significance of different elements deciding accomplishment and the effect of abilities on financial and social results.

This chapter shows the results from both quantitative and qualitative research methods. This research is implemented by completing questionnaires by secondary school teachers and students. The questionnaires were completed by 200 teachers and 144 students. Also, four secondary school teachers (from private and public secondary schools) participated in the qualitative research method (semi-structured interview). The interviews were via telephone.