A Study On The Epidemiology Of Chronic Dacryocystitis

A problem that affects the daily life of more than a hundred million people is inadequate sanitation and a lack of proper sanitation facilities. For example, only 87% of Indians in urban areas have access to a sanitized latrine, while only 33% of Indians in rural areas have access to a toilet, (The Guardian). This statistic is alarming, as it increases the susceptibility to diseases such as

Hai limy Good post, as you mentioned Interstitial Cystitis (IC) is the chronic inflammation of the bladder wall and is most common in women although men and children can suffer from it. Unlike cystitis, IC is not caused by bacteria and cannot be treated with antibiotics as common cystitis. According to the Article by Alicia NI, the latest research suggests that 3 million women have IC and they experience constant discomfort in article he bladder. In order to diagnose IC correctly, urine will firstly be tested for bacteria to rule out a urinary tract infection and then cystoscope used to examine the bladder. A biopsy may be needed to rule out cancer.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are considered to be the most common bacterial infection. Nevertheless, it is difficult to accurately assess the incidence of UTIs, because they are not reportable diseases. This situation is further complicated by the fact that accurate diagnosis depends on both the presence of symptoms and a positive urine culture, although in most outpatient settings this diagnosis is made without the benefit of culture.

In a pre-test, post-test research study conducted by Tillekerante et al. (2015), a multifaceted intervention targeting health care personnel was implemented to reduce CA-UTI incidence at a 169-bed, low economic hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. Surveillance activities were conducted in the 4 medical wards of the hospital, which contain a total of 48 male beds and 48 female beds. Active surveillance was carried out on the medial wards to determine the base line rate of symptomatic CAUTIs. Surveillance was conducted over an 8-week period form March 2012 to May 2012. It was carried out by members of the study team including 1 infectious disease physician and 2 local, bilingual research assistants trained in surveillance activities. The total number

When one speaks of transmittable diseases one does not often think that cystitis is one of the most prevalent. Cystitis effects both genders, the young, the old and can lead to complications that can do irreparable damage to the urinary tract. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the disease of cystitis and relate the specific virulence factors of Escherichia coli to the prevalence and symptoms of cystitis. This will be accomplished by defining the disease, its etiology and the causative agent. The mode of transmission and risk factors will be discussed as well, the pathogenesis, signs and symptoms will be explained. Finally dietary and nutritional implication along with treatment and prognosis will conclude this paper.

Some study said that rUTIs are not life-threatening, however, lowered quality of life and increased health-care costs are inevitable in these diseases.7 Patients with rUTI may experience anxiety of sudden acute episodes and psychological burden.8 In other studies, urinary tract infection may lead to various complications, starting from increased length of stay in hospital until higher mortality rate. Based on a study by Mitchell et al, out of 1.73% of admitted patients who had UTI, there were 3.5 days extra length of stay compared to those without UTI. People with infection also had 2.3 times more chance to die during their admission.9 Moreover, in The United States, annual cost of UTI are >$3.5 billion, whereas in Italy the cost of UTI and rUTI was around 240 and 140 euro per episodes respectively.5,10 Thus, preventive measures should be done to solve this

●Acute cystitis should be suspected in pregnant women who complain about new onset dysuria, frequency, or urgency. The diagnosis is made by finding of bacterial growth on urine culture in this

There is a burning sensation experienced on urination which is indicative of the fact that the urethra has infection. CU can spread and block (due to inflammation) the fallopian tubes thereby causing salpingitis. In 40% of untreated cases, there is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) i.e. inflammation of uterus, fallopian tube and also ovaries. Major damages like this add on to the risk of developing infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Newborn can contract the causative bacterium from the infected mother during the delivery thus leading to neonatal

Dacryocystitis is an infection of the sac that collects your tears (lacrimal sac). The lacrimal sac is located between the inner corner of your eye and nose. The glands of the eyelids produce tears that keep the surface of your eye wet and protected. Tears drain from two small ducts in your eyelids. These ducts carry your tears to your lacrimal sac. Another tube (nasolacrimal duct) carries your tears from the lacrimal sac down into your nose.

Some causes of homocystinuria in humans are the bacteria will act on cystathionine in urine, there will be a decreased in the synthesis of MET from homocystine.

Over 1400 prostatitis patients were studied over a period of 12 years. The authors state that only 5-10% “were diagnosed with bacterial prostatitis”, primarily due to E. coli or Enterococcus faecalis. But, reading further, we find "Ureaplasma-associated prostatitis" was detected in an additional 4-11.7% of patients but in none of the controls. The authors devote considerable discussion to the methodology of making this determination but do not include these cases in their oft-cited bacterial prostatitis total. Additionally, Chlamydia was cultured in 14.9% of patients vs. 5% of controls. This was not included in the 5-10% bacterial prostatitis total either. So, taking this paper at face value, about 30% of patients likely had bacterial prostatitis.

Our study has several strengths. First, the sample size was large enough to obtain precise estimates of mortality and to examine the risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Second, our study was prospectively conducted, from a clinician's viewpoint, with the diagnosis of VAP based on clinical criteria, and supplemented by microbiological results. To date, most Indian studies on VAP infections are from a laboratory-based perspective. Third, the admissions to the ICU reflect typical ICU admissions in a large teaching hospital in India. Our case mix represents a typical case-mix of Indian ICU

First of all, the basic treatments for the people suffering from infection are to prescribe antibiotics and symptomatic therapy. In order to administer medication and deducting discomfort adequately, we are acquired to appropriate assessments based on vital sings, symptoms. Not only those things but also we have to assess the life style of the patients. Because, many developing countries are not ready environmental hygiene and some people are living at inferior environment and using the muddy water. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the case of infection.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections encountered in outpatient clinic. Urine stores in bladder and is sterile. When pathogenic microorganisms present in the urinary tract with concomitant symptoms, people develop UTIs. In USA, UTIs account for 8 million doctor visits, 1 million emergency room visits, and more than 100,000 hospital admissions each year (Domino, Baldor, Golding, and Stephens, 2015). In women, 11% of them have UTIs in any given year, more than 50% of them have at least one UTI in their lifetime, and 1 in 4 women have recurrent UTIs (Domino, Baldor, Golding, and Stephens, 2015). Most of UTIs are uncomplicated and occur in young and sexually active women (Domino, Baldor, Golding, and Stephens, 2015). The most common cause of uncomplicated UTIs in women is Escherichia coli due to women has short length of urethra and is

There are several different infections the eye can get these include conjunctivitis, blepharitis, hordeolum, chalazion, and keratitis. Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye (Williams, Linda. S UNDERSTANDING MEDICAL SURGICAL 5TH ed, 2015). Viral conjunctivitis is usually received by touching other contaminated eye secretion then rubbing the uncontained eye. The virus is able to survive on surfaces for 14 days or more and can last 2 weeks to a month. Bacterial conjunctivitis is also known as pinkeye can be caused by the staphylococcal bacteria and is highly contagious. Many times the infected person will start with the common cold and then it will manifest into pinkeye. Children are most commonly known to spread and receive this infection. Normally the infected person will experience redness of the conjunctiva, swelling, and drainage. Blepharitis is the inflammation of the eye lids. It is classified as either seborrheic and ulcerative. Both are caused from the bacterium staphylococcus. Seborrheic is produced at the eyelashes and produces signs of flaking and scales with redden eyelids. Ulcerative causes crust at the eyelashes also