A Study Simple, Economic And Rapied Potentiometric Method

These values can be determined from a reaction table ('ICE' table), as shown in Table 1:

This experiment involved three steps: synthesis of aspirin, isolation and purification, and the estimation of purity of the final product. The synthesis involved the reaction of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride in the presence of a catalyst, phosphoric acid, H3PO4. When the aspirin was prepared, it was isolated and filtered. The percentage yield of the synthesis was calculated to be 78.42%. The experimental melting point range of aspirin was determined to be 122 -132°C. Due to its wide range, and lower value than that of the theoretical melting point of 136°C, it was

The compound aquapentaamminecobalt(III) Nitrate, [Co(NH3)5OH2] NO3, is a metal complex bonded to the molecule nitrate to attain a neutral charge. The synthesis of this molecule is a more complex one, requiring the recrystallization of an intermediate species. When the complex has been formed and isolated via filtration, the complex can be reacted with various aqueous solutions, one being dimethyl sulfoxide, C2H6OS. When reacted these reagents form the compound Co(NH3)5(OS(CH3)2)3+, H2O, and NO3-, though not inn this ratio. Specifically the aquapentaamminecobalt(III) molecule can be used to study the sixth coordination site on the molecule where the later is bound. Because of the weaker bond between the cobalt ion and the water

The product obtained had a melting point of approximately 107 °C and a weight of .324 grams. Some of the product would not dissolve in water and so was removed through vacuum filtration, which left .141 g not dissolved in solution. It took 13.2 mL of sodium hydroxide to turn the solution of the product dissolved in water pink. A molecular weight of 138.63 g/mol was calculated from the data. These results indicate that the product was 2-methylbenzoic acid, the Grignard reagent was 2-methylphenylmagnesium bromide, and the unknown bromide solution was 2-methylbromobenzene. Calculations showed that the limiting reagent of the Grignard preparation was magnesium and that the experiment had a 23.13 % yield.

The purpose of this lab was to synthesize aspirin, determine the theoretical yield, compare the percent yield to the theoretical yield and test the purity of aspirin by adding Iron (III) chloride to the product.

The product that was obtained from the experiment was analyzed by weighing the product, obtaining melting point range and an IR spectrum. An NMR spectrum was unable to be obtained. The mass of the product was .4162 grams, with a precent yield of 17.34%. The low percent yield can be The melting point range that is expected from 4-cyclohexene-cis-dicarboxylic anhydride is 101-103°C. The actual range that was obtained from the melting point test was 82.9-93.2°C.

In this experiment, several analgesics were analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and the composition of an unknown tablet was identified. We define chromatography as the separation of two or more compounds or ions by their molecular interactions by either a moving or a stationary phase.1 There are different types of chromatography: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Gas Liquid Chromatography (GC), and Column Chromatography (CC). All of which there two phases:

0.300 grams of biphenyl/ p-toluidine sample was weighed. Next, 10 mL of dichloromethane was measured in a graduated cylinder. The dichloromethane was transferred to a small beaker then the solid mixture was dissolved in it. A Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was conducted with the dissolved mixture in 20% Ethyl Acetate and 80% Hexane solution. The TLC plate was observed to be impure with two spots. To being extraction, a separatory funnel was placed inside of the hood and the stopcock was closed. A flask was placed under the funnel then the mixture was added to the funnel. Next, 10 mL of 3M HCL was measured in a graduated cylinder and

There are two major forms of NMR that we will be using, and these forms are proton NMR and Carbon-13 NMR. For analyzing Ibuprofen, we will use two-dimensional NMR techniques, and for analyzing Acetaminophen, we will use one-dimensional H1-NMR and C13-NMR (if the spectrum provides usable data). Out of the instruments that will be used for this experiment, the NMR will allow us to determine the specific structure. The other instruments give us an idea of the molecular mass and functional groups associated with the compounds, but those instruments do not show the relationships between hydrogens or carbons. H1-NMR spectra will provide splitting peaks that represent the proton environment for a given hydrogen set within a structure. The two-dimensional NMR technique for hydrogen environments is called Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY), and this technique show the splitting shown by H1-NMR, but it also provides a spectrum that can show hydrogen couplings within the structure. These couplings provide tremendous information when determining molecular structures. The 2D technique for Carbon-13 NMR is called Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT), and this technique is helpful in structural determination because it produces three C13 spectra that show specific Carbon-Hydrogen environments (how many Hydrogens are

During week one, dissolve ScCl2 H2O (50.920g, 0.0065mol, 1 equiv.) in concentrated hydrochloric acid (55mL) all in an Erlenmeyer flask, might need to heat for complete dissolution. In another Erlenmeyer flask dissolve 2,6-dimethylnitrobenzene (6.744g, 0.0045mol, 1.4 equiv.) in glacial acetic acid (70mL). Then add ScCl2 H2O to 2,6-dimethylnitrobenzene at one time, swirl shortly and let solution sit for 15 minutes. After time is up, cool reaction to room temperature with a water bath, then vacuum filtrate. Then transfer damp solid into an Erlenmeyer flask and add deionized water (40mL). Then turn mixture basic by adding KOH (8M, 40mL). After mixture is basic, cool mixture to room temperature in ice bath and transfer it to the separatory funnel and extract it with diethyl ether (2 x 15mL). Drain all of the organic layers into the same flask. Next wash the organic layer with deionized water (2 x 10mL) and then dry it with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Gravity filtrate the solution and then rotary evaporate it. Transfer the evaporated solution into a culture tube and store with a loose cap. The following week weigh the product, which is 2,6-dimethylaniline, perform an IR, and 1H NMR. Yield: 2.832g (0.023mol, 47.1%). IR (neat): 1624 cm-1 (C=C), 3468 and 3386 cm-1 (N-H), 2967 cm-1 (C-H). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 2.68 (methyl groups off ring), 3.65 (NH2), 6.74, 7.03 (H’s on ring)

Zinc acetate’s acetate group is capable of binding to metal ions in a variety of ways through its two oxygen atoms and several connectivity are observed for the various hydrates of zinc acetate, therefore it can be use much more greatly and usefully as compare to zinc alone as a drug which can cause possible threat to the blood iron. Zinc acetate is particularly useful salt in lozenges as acetate does not bind zinc, so that essentially all zinc from the lozenges

Spectroscopic measurements were carried out using a JASCO V-630 spectrophotometer equipped with the peltier-controlled ETCR-762 model accessory (JASCO Corporation, Tokyo, JP). Absorption spectra of mitoxantrone with a varying wide concentration range of SDS have been recorded using a matched pair of quartz cuvettes of 1.0 cm optical length in the temperature range of 293.15 K to 323.15 K with an increment of 10 K interval. Mitoxantrone-SDS binding constant and micelle/water partition coefficient were determined from the monomer absorbance (660 nm) of solutions containing a fixed mitoxantrone concentration and increasing surfactant concentrations. All measurements were done at least in triplicate. Binding constant was determined by nonlinear fitting of the spectral data using the following equations [22]:

This report presents the synthesis of Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), as the product of the reaction of salicylic acid with ethanoic anhydride under acidic conditions. Aspirin was purified through recrystallisation by vacuum filtration, followed by desiccation of the Aspirin crystal over silica gel. The percentage yield was calculated as 44.89% and a sample of Aspirin was analysed using infra-red spectroscopy and compared to the spectrum of pure Aspirin, this served as an introduction to the identification of functional groups in organic compounds. The melting point was calculated using an IA9000M apparatus and recorded to be 35.2°C, which was slightly below the melting point of pure Aspirin; known to be between 138-140°C. Both IR spectroscopy and melting point measurement were used verify the purity of synthetic Aspirin made, which proved to be fairly pure under these laboratory conditions.

The common name of coumarin comes from another plant Coumarouna odoorate and the systematic name is 2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (2), (I). The name of coumarin comes from a French word coumarou. It is alarge class of natural extract products, it is considered secondary metabolites in many higher plants species, exists especially in Rutaceae and Umbrelliferae plants. It was also found in tonka bean . Coumarin plays an important role in regulation of plants growth and metabolites .(3) Coumarins have important effects in plant biochemistry and physiology, as they act as antioxidants , enzyme inhibitors, and precursors of toxic substances. In addition, these compounds are involved in the actions of plant growth hormones and growth regulators, control of respiration, photosynthesis, as well as defense against infection(4).

Curcumin: Researchers have been studying on different herbs and nutritional supplements which led to the proposal for managing clinical disorders like depression .For example ashwagandha treats anxiety and brahmi is being used for the cognitive problems while colostrinin for dementia4 and ginseng has been successful in treating the sexual dysfunction .(1-4)Curcumin, is one of the ingredients present in turmeric. It is also an unconventional treatment that has been studied in the management of depression.Turmeric is a spice originallyfrom the rhizome of the plantCurcuma longa.Turmeric contains differentnumber of bioactive substances, like polyphenols, sesquiterpenes,diterpenes, triterpenoids, sterols, and alkaloids.(5,6) Theories and Researchers suggest that turmeric since long time has been used by herbal practitioners to treat conditions related to gynecology, gastritic, hepatic, hematologic, and infectious diseases. Laboratory investigations and researches have also indicated the effects and importance of turmeric in proinflammatory diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, depression, diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis.7) Curcumin, as ingredients in turmeric forms about 2%–5% of the total spice. Laboratory studies suggest that curcumin has potential as an antimicrobial, insecticidal, larvicidal, antimutagenic, radioprotector,