A Study of Climate Change Adaptation Practices and Their Implementations

The UNFCCC is working with the various governments around the world to stabilize the amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere to keep the planet from warming more than 2ºC above pre-industrial temperatures (Watts, 2015). The most noted of the work is the annual Conference of the Parties (COP) meetings that began with COP1 in Berlin back in 1995. The COP3 adopted the Kyoto Protocol, even though it wasn’t fully accepted by all member nations. The COP21 was an effort to legally bind members to their submitted plans of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs), defining what level of greenhouse gas production each nation would commit to not exceeding from 2025-2030. Prior to the INDCs, a bleak outlook was forecast in 2009-2010 of global temperature rising between 4-5ºC. That figure was restated by the UNFCCC prior to the COP21 in Paris, to below 3ºC, due to the commitments of the INDCs (Watts, 2015).

Climate change is a threat that has been in existences for years, but appears to be a greater threat to the world currently. According to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, there is more than 90 percent certainty that emissions of heat-trapping gases from human activities have caused “most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century” (IPCC, 2007).

Scientists that have been observing climate changes over the last century have noted that global warming is the effect of the human population 's overly excessive usage of carbon

There are many adaptation strategies for farmers to meet the growing challenge of climate change, such as breed and seed selection, water conservation and adjusting the timing of farming operations. These adaptations along with investment in agricultural production are required to maintain and enhance global food security.

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was an agreement that was meant to keep emissions to a low enough level that they would not affect the future of the climate. The annex 1 nations were expected to maintain their emission levels at that or lower than 1990 levels. Non-annex 1 countries, however, were not bound to any restrictions or action pertaining to their emissions, and in addition to that, no mandatory scale or limit was added to the amount of time that was allowed until actions were taken. (UNFCCC)

Global surface heat has been increasingly high to the cause of a thing called a green house effect. In

▪ According to the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 4th Assessment Report (Nov. 17, 2007), “warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident

Another thing we should consider is anthropogenic climate change that refers to the production of greenhouse gasses emitted by human activity. By examining the polar ice cores, scientists are convinced that human activity has increased the proportion of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which has risen over the past few hundred

The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a collaboration of more than 2000 scientists from 100 countries. In 2001, the panel concluded that humans are playing a major role in causing these changes, largely through deforestation and the combustion of fossil fuels that produce heat-trapping

Humans are pouring carbon dioxide into the atmosphere at a much faster rate than the rate at which plants and oceans can absorb it. Global warming is the increase in the overall temperature of the Earth 's atmosphere; global warming is a delicate topic because it is happening right now no one can stop it from happening. It is already transforming life on Earth, shifting the seasons, raising the temperature and rising the sea level. Other effects of global warming include stronger storms, extinction of species, rapid disappearance of Artic ice, and the increase of the ozone hole. It became an issue in 1988 when a scientist from NASA found that "Global warming has reached a level such that we can ascribe with a high degree of confidence a cause and effect relationship between the greenhouse effect and observed warming" (Hansen). James E. Hansen testimony was a big thing that everyone start to worry about it and everyone was talking about global warming because the media contribute to it. Global warming is a big thing happening right now but we don’t listen to others and we continue with our life’s without looking around us and without helping to stop the cause of it because as a humans we make errors during life but we learn from the errors and the bad choices. Although some people believe mankind is not responsible for global warming, it is a serious problem worldwide and measures are need to help slow the problem.

The following is a summary of the IPCC Status Report on Climate Change. The following questions will be answered: is climate change occurring? About which aspects of climate change are we certain? Uncertain? What are the main factors determining climate change today? What is the likelihood that humans have caused these changes and what data supports this conclusion? And finally, what information is not yet available or are we unable to access at this time that may have bearing on the report and our understanding of climate change?

This doesn't necessarily mean that every scientist sees eye to eye on each component of the climate change problem, but broad agreement exists that climate change is happening and is primarily caused by excess greenhouse gases from human activities.” (EPA)

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) highlighted in its 5th Assessment Report both the unequivocal warming and apparent human influence on the climate system. Anthropogenic (human-induced) climate change was proven by the increasing atmospheric concentration of the greenhouse gases, radiative forcing, and observation over warming and the climate system. It is also emphasized that to reduce changes in the climate system will require substantial and continuous reductions of greenhouse gas emissions (IPCC, 2014).

The fourth assessment report published by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 4AR) found that global warming is unequivocal, and has been confirmed by a rise in average air and ocean temperatures, the widespread melting of snow and ice, and a rise in mean sea level. The IPCC 4AR also concluded that warming is expected to be greatest in the extreme environments of high northern latitudes and upper alpine basins. It is anticipated that snow cover will diminish and that heat waves and heavy precipitation events will become more frequent.

In 1988, the United Nation reported that carbon dioxide levels are nearing a dangerous level of interference with the climate system so they have established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (ProQuest). Greenhouse gas concentrations such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide are continuing to rise during 2014 and it is reaching historic values (International). A variety of independent datasets shows