A Study on the Affect of Music on Patients

Following the developing of social sciences, everybody has started to get concerned about the issue if music is good for healthy body and mental recently. This phenomenon makes the music therapy becomes popular. Music therapy is defined as “ the therapeutic use of music as to reduce anxiety, improve cognitive functioning, promote physical rehabilitation, or enhance interpersonal communication that typically involves listening to music, singing, playing musical instruments, or composing music “ in the Merriam-Webster.com. In other words, through the activity of music people can improve physical or psychological disease that achieves cure and health.

Music therapy has proven beneficial to patients with cancer most notably the psychological and physical end-results. More than one million people in the United States get cancer each year (cancer.org). Most have heard or know of someone who has had cancer and the stories of the chemo radiation therapy that goes along with it. Imagine the emotions that one feels when diagnosed with cancer. The patient is ultimately suffering from the whole ordeal physically and emotionally. Music interventions are employed to “alleviate symptoms and treatment side effects in cancer patients” (Cochrane review).

“The American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) defines music therapy as ‘an established health profession in which music is used within a therapeutic relationship to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individuals’” (Barnett & Shale, 2013, p.48). Music Therapy (MT) is shown to be able to help people with many different kinds of mental health problems such as anxiety, stress, and minor cases of depression. There have been many studies done showing that MT is an effective form of therapy that can improve someone’s overall Quality Of Life (QOL). MT is known as an alternative technique therapy. It is often used instead of, or along with, medication to produce a result in the patience who need it. MT involves all aspects of the music process, including listening to, writing, singing, and analyzing music. Overall MT addresses physical and emotional problems and is used to enhance the life and health of the patient. This review is simply to inform readers of the effects music and MT has on mental health, specifically:

Due to the extensive procedures surrounding treatment, patients often experience a variety of physical and psychological symptoms and side effects that negatively impact their quality of life and ability to cope with and manage an illness. Providing a choice of music during a receptive music therapy session may not only distract the patient from negative affective states, but also may provide a sense of autonomy and control over a patient 's immediate environment. The purpose of the essay was to determine whether receptive music therapy can improve two general dimensions of emotional experience and pain in a single session for patients. The guiding research question was: Will participants experience improved positive affect following a music therapy session? In my opinion ,I think the answer is yes. music therapy definitely have a positive effect on patients.

This article focuses on hospice patients. Hospice provides music therapy to patients and they often prefer it over other therapy’s. “Patients expect multiple benefits from music therapy, including emotional and spiritual support, support coping with pain, and an opportunity to express feelings. (Burns, 225) Study approved by Purdue University focused on patients physical, emotional and spiritual comfort in their last days. Also keeping in mind length of stay gender, marital status, home care and visitors. These could all effect the mood rather than just the music therapy. “Anxiety and pain are common reasons for referral to music therapy; however, research supporting the use of music therapy to decrease anxiety and pain is equivocal.” (Burns, 229) In conclusion, family’s did not notice a change in pain or anxiety and through research there was no significant change within the hospice

c. Music therapy has been used for adult cancer patients and it significantly reduces emotional distress and boosts the patients quality of life. Same effect was had on war veterans with PTSD

therapy as a treatment allows the patient to go through the treatment process with some ease. A

The researchers believed that if they could find a way to make the process of a mammogram less painful and anxiety producing, they would be able to decrease the amount of women who skip routine tests for these reasons (Zavatsky et al, 2014, pg.1). In this particular study, 100 samples were used. Of these samples, 50 received music therapy of their choice before the exam and 50 received no music therapy at all. The researchers allowed the women to choose the music they listened to in order to maximize the enjoyment from the session (Zavatsky et al, 2014, pg.2). Women who received music that they didn’t enjoy obviously wouldn’t feel soothed by the session. Self selected music would be an important variable in the study. The researchers hypothesized that music would have a positive effect on patients and cause them to feel less pain and anxiety during the

Hilliard, R. E. "Music Therapy in Hospice and Palliative Care: A Review of the Empirical Data."

Music therapy is one of several approaches individuals can utilize to improve or maintain their mental condition and treat various underlying health conditions in a holistic manner. It is a modality that utilizes many allied health professions. Music therapists have found the use of music during therapy improves patients’ ability to maintain and improve their daily routines, cognitive abilities, sensory-motor skills, social skills, confidence, and overall perspective. The most important mind-set that a patient can achieve is that of confidence. When a person is under the continuous stress that comes with declining health, their confidence and self-esteem is often shattered. The patient’s negative perception of themselves can trigger numerous

Critique of the Effect of Complementary Music Therapy on the Patient’s Postoperative State Anxiety, Pain Control, and Environmental Noise Satisfaction Although I did not necessarily choose to critique this research article, I found it very interesting and applicable to my experience as a nursing student and informative to be able to use in my future clinical practices. I also have an interest in music, so I thought this article particular would be interesting to read and critique. Pain is a common feeling in human beings and anyway to lessen the experience I believe is worthy of investigative research. Research Problem The problem statement is clear and persuasive supported by findings on the subject stating that “unrelieved postoperative

This paper will conduct a critical appraisal of research over “Effects of music therapy on anxiety of patients with breast cancer after radical mastectomy: a randomized clinical trial” by Li, Wang, Yan, Zhang & Zhou published in July 2011.

Pain, increased weakness, decreased intake of food and fluid, altered breathing patterns are some physical symptoms often experienced by the terminally ill (Kouch, 2006 as cited in Leow, Drury & Poon, 2010). Treating pain in the terminally ill is very important and challenging for nurses. Therefore, it is important to use both pharmacologic and nonpharmacological methods to reduce pain. The ability of nurses to use music therapy as a nonpharmacological method to manage pain in the terminally ill is a phenomenon of great importance to nursing. Terminally ill in this literature refers to patients with cancer that have six months or less to live and patients that are hospice or are undergoing palliative care. This literature revealed that using a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), significantly less posttest pain was reported in the music versus the control group. Cancer patients that listened to soft music in addition to using analgesics experienced increased compared to those using analgesics alone (Huang, Good, & Zauszniewski, 2010). Furthermore, statistical difference was noticed between the groups for mood level and oxygen saturation during live saxophone performance (Burrai, Micheluzzi, & Bugani, 2014). In addition, this research indicated that music may have a more positive effect on females and elderly than younger and more educated males (Chan, Chung, Chung, & Lee, 2008). The

According to the American Music Therapy Association (A.M.T.A.), music therapy is “the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program.” As a generally new and upcoming industry, music therapy is often underestimated. By incorporating different areas of the brain, music can reduce stress, ease

The impact of music on positive psychology and emotion is a well known fact. Music has an extraordinary ability to change people’s emotions. In humans, music has the ability to invoke emotions of sadness, happiness and even fear (Goycoolea, Levy & Ramirez, 2013). The ability of music to alter human mood makes it one of the greatest subjects of positive psychology. Seligman (2011) argued that even though a lot of effort has been spent on psychotherapy and pharmacology, such interventions are not