A.Subculture/Pg50: The Values And Related Behaviors Of

The traditionalist political subculture is the luke-warm fine line between the individualistic and moralistic political subcultures. In the same way as the moralistic subculture, the common good of the citizens is aimed, but like in the individualistic subculture, the market place is emphasized as well. In the traditionalist subculture, it is known that power comes from the societies elite. Citizens are not influenced and encouraged to vote, but instead step back and remain stagnant. In the beginning of the up rise of Texas, the traditionalist political subculture focused on plantation owners and agriculture in general. Present-day, rural areas are having a drastic shift and becoming urbanized. The grand majority of Texas is now urban,

Born in LA in the 1980’s, expanding to parts of Canada, Spain, England, and Germany becoming bigger and dangerous day by day. La Mara can now be found in Washington D.C, Oregon, Alaska, Arkansas, Texas, Nevada, Utah, Oklahoma, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Maryland, Virginia, Georgia, and Florida just alone in the United States. In Central America they can be found in El Salvador, Mexico, Guatemala and several other Latin countries. MS-13 is considered to be one of the most dangerous and organized in the world (altereddimensions.net).There are two ways to get into the gang. For males one is to get jumped in, which means the new recruit is surround by numerous members and beaten for at least 13 seconds. The other way is by killing either an enemy gang member or just a simple killing. For females there is a third option which is to get having sexual intercourse with several MS members or as they call it gang banged. MS-13 has many similar criminal characteristics as other gang such as: smuggling drugs, people, and weapons. The biggest difference with MS-13 is the willingness to use brutality in all their activities (keysaferschools.com).

The gangs have formed part of Central America. For a long time, but in the early 1980s they began to work. There are numerous reasons for the gangs to grow because of the lack of education, culture of violence, poverty, and dysfunctional families. The two largest gangs are the Mara Salvatrucha known as MS-13 or Maras and The Eighteen Street gang also known as Barrio 18. The Barrio 18 despises MS 13. The rise of the Maras happened with the migration and the blend of different street cultures. The gang known as Barrio 18 was originally formed by Mexicans immigrants. Over the years, each gang has grown and taken up 60 percent of the population. These gangs have taken over the territories and have also controlled over some prisons

Perhaps the most culturally diverse nation on the globe, the United States is home to a dominant Anglo-American Protestant culture intermixed and alongside a host of sub-cultures that live and thrive on US soil. Among these cultures exists an array of distinct form of living all who boast an identity specific to only that select group. These subcultures exist in a couple different forms; convergent subcultures and persistent subcultures. First, convergent subcultures intend toward assimilation with the dominant society through various tactics to include: residential clustering, adherence to the language, dress, and cultural norms of their native land (Parrillo, 42). Contrarily, some cultures simply do not assimilate. In these cases, persistent subcultures adhere as much as possible to their own way of life and resist absorption into the dominant culture (Parrillo, 43). Among these persistent subcultures within the US are the Amish. The Amish are a sect of the Christian faith whose members have roots in twenty-two states across the

August 2015, 907 murders, and average of 25 murders per day committed by 13-15 year old gang members. (Transnational Gangs Part 1;Understanding the Threat, 2016) El Salvador is the epicenter of gang activity in Central America and the largest influence on gang activity in the US. Showing no respect for law enforcement, borders, and little for human life gang violence is a requirement for young teens to become members of the La Mara Salvatrucha, or MS-13, and the 18th Street gangs. Two years of initiation culminating in at least one murder are required to obtain membership in these gangs.

For many Americans MaraSalvatrucha or commonly known on the streets as (MS-13) is an unfamiliar gang but to (FBI) Federal Bureau Investigation,(ATF) Alcohol, Tabaco, Firearms and Explosives, and local law enforcement agencies,MS-13 is an uprising globalized menace of ruthless criminals who are growing in numbers exponentially. These plagues of criminals are not only making their mark here in the United States but they are deeply rooted in their country of origin, El Salvador and all throughout Central America with the exception of Costa Rica and Panama. From drug and human trafficking across the border, to murders, kidnappings, prostitution rings and drug distribution within the United States and other countries, MS-13 is a force to be

A trademark of the MS-13, they have “established a reputation for extreme violence and for killing with machetes” (BBC). The MS-13 boast their tattoos and do not hide who their criminal activities, evident of the slaughtering of four young-males in New York last week. Although there is little overall leadership in the MS-13, the cliques formed are ripened with familial structure. The members will kill, rape, and die for each other at the expense of everyone else. Since they have inferior structure, the MS-13 employ a street type of gang activity. he MS-13 are easy to spot in a crowd because their tattoos are apparent and extravagant. Common tattoos include “MS-13, “MS”, “Salvatrucha”, the “Devil Horns”, and the name of their clique. However, similar to other gangs, they have “been moving away from the tattoos in an effort to commit crimes without being noticed and get away with them” (weebly). MS-13 typically wear blue and white, the colors of the El Salvadoran flag, bandanas, and sports jerseys with the numbers 13, 23, or 3. Although the MS-13 include various ages, they are strict when it comes to ethnicity in their membership. The majority of members are Hispanic and, specifically, are from Central American countries like El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua. The MS-13 are regularly the lone wolf in the gang world, but are starting to form more concrete relationships with Mexican cartels (i.e. the Zetas) to heighten their drug trafficking

The MS-13 gang has cliques, or factions, located throughout the United States and is unique in that it retains is ties to its El Salvador counterparts. With cliques in Washington DC, Oregon, Alaska, Arkansas, Texas, Nevada, Utah, Oklahoma, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Maryland, Virginia, Georgia, Florida, Canada, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, and several other South American countries, the MS-13 gang is truly "international" and on the verge of becoming the first gang to be categorized as an "organized crime" entity.” (MS13 Gang….)The strength of the gang members is 36,000 in Honduras. The age of the members is normally between 11 to 40 years. Initially started as a defensive organization to protect El Salvadorian immigrants from the cruelty of LA gangs, the gang soon began targeting the members of the Salvadorian community as well. Criminality became a way of life for the M-13 gang members, with no holds barred. It soon turned out to be business of profiteering, and it expanded rapidly across the United States. By the 1990s, its network spread like the octopus growing in all directions, and its membership had reached the East Coast. Initially they were not well-organized. In the early 2000s, the organizational pattern had changed. The leadership of these newly organized units emanated from faraway places like California and El Salvador. Cells began to sprout all over the country. In Texas and the Rio

MS-13 the gang depicted in the documentary, “World’s Most Dangerous Gang” is shown as having a deep seeded rooted collection of social integration through use of semiology, terror, family, and the use of symbolic imagery and art. The most deeply rooted connection of the original MS-13 members is the tight bond over the 1979 El Salvador Civil War. This war lead to the refuge and fleeing of several El Salvador citizens to the western United States seeking solace and peace in the land of Opportunity. Many MS-13 members would want to seek a better life in the red, white, and blue only to find that life here would proof to be much harder or if not the same. This brotherhood of people coming together over a Civil War made them stronger and connected

1. Working class subcultures- This is a range of culture created by the working class. The peasants invented it during the industrial revolution.

Ley and Cybriwsky (1974) make the distinction between graffiti artists, gang graffiti, and graffiti present in ethnic neighbourhoods within Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Graffiti artists or “graffiti kings” value style, motivation, and inaccessible locations. Gang graffiti indicates gang activity, gang territory, or general content specific to gang involvement. The graffiti found in ethnic neighbourhoods, with large ethnic diversity, identifies tension zones that are a result of various social changes in the composition of the neighbourhood.

When discussing subcultures it’s important to establish what a subculture is to be able to correctly identify a specific subculture and differentiate it from a main culture. An example of a main culture or parent culture could be the most prominent culture of Great Britain, which would be its development from an island to a civilized prospering democratic country. The main culture that is associated with Britain that separates it from other cultures is that it is seen as a liberal democracy. The main religion associated with British culture would be Christianity, and most people would generalise British culture to be drinking tea, eating scones and having a particular “posh” accent. These small characteristics are what cultures are made of

Subculture refers to a minority of individuals who adhere to different rules, dress codes and lifestyle choices from mainstream culture. Throughout this essay the traditional definitions of subcultures, that mainly concentrate on class and style as their main features, will be looked at and explained. It will then be demonstrated how these ways of thinking are no longer relevant to the 21st century therefore the term 'subculture ' needs to be rethought for it to be an applicable category in the 21st century.

Some members of delinquent gangs may be the sole carriers of a particular subculture in a particular location, and some are shared. For example conflict subcultures are shared by rival fighting gangs among whom individual and group status involves values related to defense of turf and reputation and norms loyal of these values. Some subcultures oriented to theft and other forms of property crime which they are connected with a particular group. Some property crime involves more organizing and planning in order to succeed. Other crimes such as mugging may involve only one person who shares the same subculture as the larger group. In an article by Terry William’s it states that delinquent subcultures contain elements of both youth and adult cultures. It also stated that to speak of youth culture is to symbolize a subculture of the larger adult-dominated and institutionally defined culture (1989). Many of criminal subculture shares a symbolic relationship with their customs, manly the people

Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people. It is learned and transmitted from one generation to the next. Culture will change as situations and the needs of people change. A school environment itself constitutes a subculture within a larger society. Each school has a culture of its own, like a minuscule society. The school culture reflects the community in which the school is located and its students’ characteristics. This will consist of the values, attitudes, beliefs, norms, and customs of those making the system. This is because of the racial and socioeconomic segregation of residential communities. A school’s culture is formed by its history context and the individuals in it. Each school has a