A Summary Of Suzuki Miyaura Reaction

Two forms of stereochemistry can form product for the bromination of trans-cinnamic acid. Cis addition, also known as syn addition, is one way of forming product. This form of stereochemistry allows for the components of the reagent to add to the same side of the double bond. Trans, also known as anti addition, is the second form of addition that can create product for this experiment. Tran stereochemistry occurs when the components of the reagent add to opposite sides of the double bond. In this experiment, the formation of either erythro-2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid (trans/anti-R,S or S,R) or threo-2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid (cis/syn-R,R or S,S) was expected to occur.

Following the known procedures [72]–[75] which start from the Diels-Alder reaction of naphthoquinone and β-myrcene, compound 4a (Figure 3.18) was obtained in a one pot synthesis. This anthraquinone was used as the precursor for the following steps and also as the reference compound in the NMR-experiment. For the next step a classical method for the reduction of

The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize the Grignard reagent, phenyl magnesium bromide, and then use the manufactured Grignard reagent to synthesize the alcohol, triphenylmethanol, by reacting with benzophenone and protonation by H3O+. The triphenylmethanol was purified by recrystallization. The melting point, Infrared Spectroscopy, 13C NMR, and 1H NMR were used to characterize and confirm the recrystallized substance was triphenylmethanol.

The objective of this laboratory experiment is to study both SN1 and SN2 reactions. The first part of the lab focuses on synthesizing 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol by using an SN2 mechanism. The obtained product will then be analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and refractive index. The second part of the lab concentrates on how different factors influence the rate of SN1 reactions. The factors that will be examined are the leaving group, Br – versus Cl-; the structure of the alkyl group, 3◦ versus 2◦; and the polarity of the solvent, 40 percent 2-propanol versus 60 percent 2-propanol.

2. Plan: Each student in a group of three will work to create a reaction with the Benzonitrile Oxide with, cis-stilbene, trans-stilbene, or styrene in an Erlenmyer flask. With this Reaction solution thin layer chromatography will be performed using each reaction solution. The different reactions will then be compared by running co-spot TLC’s. An NMR of the crude products from each reaction will be taken.

This experiment was designed by conducting a substitution reaction to construct a complex compound (2-methylphenoxyacetic acid) from two simple parts; also known as synthesis - converting simple molecules into more complex molecules. A purification technique known as crystallization was used to purify the product. Suction filtration was used to filter out the product. The experiment was completed over a three-day experimental period.

The purpose of this experiment is to examine the reactivities of various alkyl halides under both SN2 and SN1 reaction conditions. The alkyl halides will be examined based on the substrate types and solvent the reaction takes place in.

Chemistry Central Journal 7.1 (2013): 1-11. Academic Search Complete. Web. 12 Feb. 2015. Osser, Edek. "

Many reactions that exist in nature involve a double displacement between ions and reactants with solvents. A bimolecular nucleophilic substitution, or SN2 reaction, involves a nucleophilic attack on a substrate and the departure of a leaving group. A nucleophile is a compound or ion that donates electrons to promote bond formation (Caldwell, 1984). In order for a leaving group in a compound to leave, it must possess the characteristics of a weak base and be able to occupy electrons. Several factors affect the rate and favorability of such reaction, such as (Bateman, 1940). In addition, the substrate that is attacked by the nucleophile is commonly an unhindered primary substrate to allow the reaction to occur quicker. An SN2 reaction follows the second-order rate law.

The reaction was refluxed under nitrogen gas for overnight and completion was checked by the TLC (Ethylacetate: hexane; 2:3). The reaction mass was cooled to RT. Then the solvent was completely evaporated under reduced pressure. Obtained a black colored product. It was purified by silica column chromatography (10:90 ethyl acetate: hexane) to get the compound (3a-d)

When compared to the literature IR of methyl m-nitrobenzoate (chemicalbook.com), the experimental IR appears to be valid. This is because the interested peaks are shown to be in its expected positions. The 2955.5 peak indicates the presence of C-H bond stretch of sp2. The 1730 peak indicates the C=O. The 1535.1 indicates NO2 stretch. The TLC analyzed the polarity between methyl benzoate, crude methyl-3-nitrobenzoate, and purified methyl-3-nitrobenzoate. The solvent that was used was 20% ethyl acetate/hexane. Methyl benzoate had a higher Rf value than the nitro benzoate indicating that methyl benzoate had low polarity. Since the crude and pure product had close but not the same Rf values, it indicates that the crude product contained a lot of the pure product before the recrystallization took place. In addition, the 1H NMR indicated that the product was methyl-3-nitrobenzoate. The obtained 1H NMR corresponds to the literature 1H NMR (pg. 76 of manual). The number of peaks shows how many different H atoms are present in the product. The splitting patterns confirmed the positions of the H-atoms. There two peaks, ~1.6 and 7.2, indicates the presence of the water and CDCI3 respectively. However, the water only showed up at a very small concentration which indicates that there was very little water present in the results. The triplet at ~7.65 indicates that the split occurred between two H- atoms should have been seen as a multiplet but rather

Furthermore, the starting materials (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dien-1-ol (complex spectra that contained vinylic, allylic, and OH protons) and maleic anhydride (simple spectra that contained one type of vinylic proton) that were still present in the product was around 0%, as the functional groups had been converted to different functional groups in the final product, and the starting materials and product each had diverse, unique proton types and thus gave different NMR spectras; furthermore, as the product was a completely white gooey solid, no excess starting materials were found to be left over, which in turn, prevented further contamination. The yield of this experiment was 62%, where the actual mass retrieved was 0.2332 g when a theoretical mass of 0.3779 g was

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The second step is a solvent-free reaction that involves grinding the crude B-citronellol with KOH, K2CO3 and tosyl chloride. KOH serves to deprotonate the O-H group to form a better nucleophile and K2CO3 maintains the slightly basic conditions for the reaction.1 The crude product is vacuum filtered, followed by column chromatography obtaining test tube fractions. Used 7:3 hexanes: ethyl acetate to run the column. Obtained thin layer chromatography for crude compounds (Figure 1) and for test tubes 1-10 shown in Figure 2. The final product was a clear liquid and due to time constraints was unable evaporate solvent, thus experimental mass was not measured.

These are complementarily used in the synthesis of conjugated acetylenes. [8] Figure 1.2: General Reaction Scheme The term Sonogashira reaction however, is nowadays a blanket description applied to the palladium(0)-catalysed coupling of a sp2 (or even sp3) halide or triflate with a terminal alkyne, regardless of whether copper salts are present. The obtained products from the Sonogashira reaction have found applicability in the most diverse areas of chemistry, such as dyes, sensors, electronics, polymers, guesthost constructs, natural products and heterocycle synthesis. [9] 1.2