A flat plate solar collector has a dynamic behaviour in response to variations in the intensity of

The PV module has been designed by considering the irradiance, temperature and number of PV cells connected in series and parallel. Figure 5.1 shows the simulink model of solar system. Here only function file used to show the solar system, the program code is given in the appendix. Here we are using a battery. The system is generated 240volt and current is 2.9 A.

The overall learning algorithm now proceed as follows; first, propagate the input forward using equation 3.3 and equation 3.4; next, propagate the sensitivities back using equation 3.15 and equation 3.12; and lastly, update the weights and offset using equation 3.7, equation 3.8, equation 3.10 and equation 3.11. (Murphy,

A solar photovoltaic power system is a technology that converts the energy from sunlight into electrical energy. Residential solar photovoltaic systems can offset much of a household's power needs, depending on the size of the system and the household's needs. The output power from is directly proportional to power received from the sun, which varies throughout the day and year. The rated maximum output of the module might be achieved only occasionally, depending on actual site conditions. It is a renewable source of energy that is sustainable and totally inexhaustible. Solar energy is also a non-polluting source of energy that doesn’t emit any greenhouse gases when producing electricity.

The solar industry is divided in three main markets: the European solar thermal market, the Chinese market and the market in other world regions. The industry is segmented in two main types of solar thermal collectors, which are evacuated tube collectors (80 per cent on average of the worldwide newly installed capacity in 2010) and flat plate collectors (20 per cent on average). This industry is characteristic of technology intensive industries with their central innovation: solar thermal water heating which radically reduces costs. They can also count on experimented installers. Each customer adopt and have

The human being has moved throughout the years always driven by that desire to explore every single corner, from the Continental ancient explorers to the present, with the exploration of the solar system. Human curiosity about day and night, the sun, moon, and stars, led them to conclude that celestial bodies seem to move regularly. This observation helped primitives to define time and to be oriented. However, astronomy solved these problems that the first civilization had right away, by establishing precisely the right time to cultivate, celebrate their festivities, and to travel without getting lost. For primitive people the sky was a tool; the Sun separated the day from the night, every single morning the sun rises

Solar is quickly becoming a popular project to take on. Not only does it help save the environment, but it can also help save money for businesses and homes that elect to make the switch to solar. However, completing a solar project is expensive and it is important to look for ways to promote efficiency of the install and of the system itself.

The GRCL Colony is located on the planet mars. In the GRCL Colony, there are different gases, layers of the atmosphere, radiation, and different weather conditions to learn about before sending people to live there since it is in Mars. There are different seasons on Mars and the atmosphere is also made up of different things. It is important for people to know the differences of the atmosphere on Mars before we send people to live there. The temperatures, seasons, and precipitation is different than what it is on Earth. The weather conditions are severe and different than on Earth, so there will need to be different protection plans to keep people and the colony safe.

“Even if we didn 't have greenhouse gases, were going to have to move away from fossil fuels, as we 're going to run out. They 're finite, where as solar and wind are infinite.” - Ted Turner. Solar panels use the energy that comes from sunlight to give power. Low-temperature collectors are flat plates generally used to heat pools. Medium-temperature collectors are also usually flat plates but are used for heating water or air for residential and commercial use. High-temperature collectors concentrate sunlight using mirrors and lenses. and are generally used for fulfilling heat requirements up to 300 deg C / 20 bar pressure in industries, and for electric power production. Installation of solar panels costs 15000 to 40000 on average. Solar

We have many different kind of energy source in our world and the ocean is a big part of one of thought energy source. The ocean makes up more than 70% of the Earth’s surface and it collects a lot of sun’s heat and energy. This will make it the “world’s largest solar collectors and energy storage system” and the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) will probably seems like a great tool to have [7]. This energy source works is by using the solar energy collected from the sun by the ocean and converting that energy into electric energy. The OTEC uses the warm ocean water that was heated up from the sun (around 77 degrees Fahrenheit) to vaporize a working fluid with a low boiling point. The working fluid expands and spins a generator, creating electricity. From there, the vapor is then cooled down from the cold ocean water (around 41 degrees Fahrenheit) that is pumped up from the deep parts of the ocean layer. This cause the vapor to turn back into the working fluid from before and condenses back into a liquid. Because of this, the whole system is reusable and is a continually electricity generating cycle [7]. This is only one type out of three OTEC systems, known as closed-cycle system. The other two systems will be explain later on in the paper. This paper will explain different aspects of the OTEC systems, from the different types that are currently being used to the costs and environmental effect to the pros and cons of the OTEC systems.

1) Complete system level design based on the proposed concept. Conduct detailed engineering design, simulations and components selections, including optical path design and performance simulation using CodeV, mechanical structure design of solar collector frame using ANSYS, servo control system design and parameters selection, control circuits and firmware design, etc.

In this article, we have a tendency to review 3 approaches that use solar

Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis. The Solar energy as a kind of natural energy, with abundant and nonpolluting, shows its unique advantages and has been internationally recognized as one of the most competitive energy future. The application of solar energy has huge impacts on society.

2. The FE model is replaced by a meta-model of response surfaces to decrease the optimisation time but remains an accurate approximation.

2Control & Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai Johor Bahru, Malaysia

To solve the problem, it is necessary to find a different LMS filter or a different ANC system. There are several ANC filter algorithms and systems can be chosen as the solution. 1.recursive filtered least mean square (FxRLS); 2. fast-transversal-filter (FxFTF); 3. Lattice- ANC systems; 4. frequency-domain-ANC systems; 4. Filtered-u recursive LMS filter based on IIR; 5. FxLMS filter[14].