ACL Injury Research Paper

A concussion is when you go unconsciousness for a little while caused by a blow to the head. The term is also used loosely of the after effects such as confusion or temporary incapacity. Concussion is are known as a mild brain injury that is a mild brain injury MTBI mild head injury and a little head trauma. Some experts will define a concussion as a head injury with temporary loss of brain function which can cause some cognitive physical and emotional symptoms. Symptoms may also include headache, confusion, lack of coordination. The term concussion describes an injury to the brain resulting from a hard impact to the head. By definition a concussion is not a life threatening injury but should be treated fast . The use of protective headgear can decrease the risk of a concussion when you are engaging in any of the following activities Contact martial arts sports such as boxing, karate, and others Football. Most post concussion symptoms such as headaches, sensitivity to noise and light, dizziness, fatigue and memory problems go away with about seven to ten days after the injury but sometimes post concussion symptoms can last up to about 3 months. Rarely do symptoms last longer. What can you do when you have a concussion? Some people who have had a concussion find that at first it

A concussion is medically defined by a traumatic injury to the brain. An athlete that has a concussion may experience signs of confusion, may lose consciousness, disorientation, or have a dazed look. Concussions occur due to an impact with the ground or another player. The skull is stopped by the impact, but the brain continues to move inside the skull in a shaking or spinning manner. Medical experts state that, “Violent shaking caused the brain cells to become depolarized and fire all their neurotransmitters at once in an unhealthy cascade, flooding the brain

There are long-term as well as short-term symptoms. The most common symptoms are confusion, headaches, dizziness, nausea, difficulty with memory, and disturbances with vision. Other symptoms include clumsiness, slurred speech, sluggishness, ringing in ears, and behavioral or personality changes. There are three different types of concussions and the symptoms vary for each. These three are grade 1, 2, and 3. In a grade 1 concussion, there is no loss of consciousness and symptoms last for no longer than 15 minutes. Grade 2 concussions entail no loss of consciousness but symptoms last a bit longer. Finally, in grade three concussions, symptoms last for weeks and even months with the immediate symptom of losing consciousness. Even if you don’t feel any symptoms, your brain is still not 100 percent. In addition suffering one concussion makes someone more susceptible to suffering an additional concussion. If you were to suffer multiple concussions, it puts you at risk for second impact syndrome, which has its own symptoms very similar to any normal concussion. This condition could be life threatening. (Retrieved from http://www.nationwidechildrens.org/concussions-in-sports) This is very uncommon in most people and really only applicable to athletes but leagues have still taken action to avoid this condition. If anyone has any symptoms of a concussion or hit their head hard enough, they should see a doctor

An anterior cruciate ligament tear can be confirmed by the Lachman test, the dynamic extension test, and the Pivot jerk test. The Lachman test and dynamic extension test is helpful in, “making a diagnosis, particularly in the acute injury.” (1) The lateral pivot test reproduces, “the rotatory subluxation that occurs in ACL defiency. The test is difficult to perform and takes residents and fellows in my practice approximately three months of intensive training to be able to adequately perform the jerk test in the unanaesthetised patient.”(1) The test is important because the demonstration of the lateral pivot jerk is the replication of the instability that the patient has. The initial goals of treatment immediately after injury are to reduce pain, reduce

A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that results from a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or body that causes the head to move quickly. The sudden movement can cause the brain to move in the skull. This movement can result in stretching and damaging the brain cells and create chemical changes in the brain. A young brain may more susceptible to the chemical changes that occur in the brain after a concussion. These changes may lead symptoms that affect their cognitive, physical, emotional, and sleep functions. While concussions affect people differently, most people will have symptoms that last for a few days to a week. More serious concussions may last for weeks, months or even longer. (Davies,

Throughout the years concussions have become more of a common injury in contact sports and even everyday activities. According to the Mayo Clinic, they define a concussion as “A traumatic brain injury that affects your brain function. Effects are usually temporary but can include headaches and problems with concentration, memory, balance and coordination.” Some major symptoms of concussions can be subtle and may not even show up right away. However, they can last for days, weeks, and sometimes even longer. Some symptoms may include: Headache or

Most people think that concussions are the main injury caused in football, but in reality lower limb injuries are. “Ligament sprains are the most common injury reported, accounting for more than 30 percent of all injuries”(NCAA 1). This quote talks about how ligament sprains are actually the most common injury in football. This also shows that concussions are not the main injury in football. Actually concussions are one of the lowest injury percentages than any other body part. The percentage of this injury is actually around 7% which is the second lowest comparing to head, face, and neck injuries which goes to about 4%. It’s pretty fascinating to see that these injuries that are more commonly talked about, are the ones that are the lowest percent. This quote “Surgery resulted from 7.5 percent of injuries”(NCAA 1) also shows that it’s not as dangerous as people think it is. Showing that there is a little amount of people who get taken into surgery for their injuries. This is important to know because this number is statistic that people cannot argue against. People can say whatever they want about how dangerous the sport is, but this number can be shown to them and it will make them take back what they said. The second most caused injury to football players is upper limb injuries. This includes arms, chest, and shoulders. These injuries are also sought after to be one of the more well known

If you’re an athlete then you should know what an “ACL tear” is. ACL means “Anterior Cruciate Ligament.” Believe it or not, those tears often happen to pre-teens. ACL tears can be really bad, but it depends on how bad you tear it.

The Anterior Cruciate Ligament also known as the ACL is deemed the most commonly torn ligament in the knee and can result from both contact and noncontact injuries. Most Anterior Cruciate Ligament injuries result from an extreme force on the lateral side of the person’s knee causing a valgus force which pushes the knee inward (Kisner & Colby, 2012, pp. 802-803). This injury to the side of the knee can also cause a “Terrible Triad” injury which also injures both the medial meniscus and the medial collateral ligament (Kisner & Colby, 2012, p. 803). Our textbook further states that “the most common noncontact mechanism is a rotational mechanism in which the tibia is externally rotated on the planted foot….this mechanism can account for as many as 78% of all ACL injuries” (Kisner & Colby, 2012, p. 803). If the person does not seek medical help with this injury they are susceptible to also injuring the remaining support ligaments as well. Patients usually present with joint effusion; possibly 25 degrees of flexion, joint swelling if blood vessels are involved, limited ROM, stress pain and instability along with quads avoidance gait patterns (Kisner & Colby, 2011, p. 208)

When an ACL is torn there is usually a whip-like snap of the lower extremity that can be observed as the ACL tears (Ireland, 1999, p.152). In visualizing this high-risk ”position of no return,” we comprehend the importance of a “get-down” knee-flexed, 2-footed balanced position (Ireland, 1999). In the no-return position, the hip abductors and extensors have shut down, and the pelvis and hip are uncontrolled.

The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is regarded as critical to the normal functioning of the knee, its disruption causing functional impairment, meniscal lesions, and the early onset of joint degeneration (Daniel 1994). The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee originates from the anterior aspect of the tibial plateau, inserting on the lateral femoral condyle. The ligament resists anterior translation and medial rotation of the tibia to the femur (Dai, 2012).

The ACL is part of a cruciate ligament that lies inside the knee joint and attaches the front of the tibia with the back of the femur. It is made up of strong fibres (collagen) that act like the strands of a rope or cable and this enables the ligament to prevent knee hyperextension, limit excessive tibial rotation, resist excessive anterior translation of the tibia on the femur as well as varus and valgus forces. In the Northstar web page it is stated that, “The anterior cruciate ligament is one of the most important ligaments to

The majority of ACL injuries happen during athletic tasks with no external contact to the knee joint. This non-contact nature proves that these injuries are caused by abnormal movement which can possibly be changed through training. Understanding the pattern of movement for non-contact ACL injuries provides beneficial information for how to develop different strategies to train. A great effort has been made to identify risk factors for non-contact ACL injury by using different practices over the past 2 decades. An important strategy in particular used to identify movement characteristics during injuries is the analysis of video records of ACL injury cases. Cochrane et al analyzed video records of 34 ACL injury cases in Australian football (2007).

The acute ACL injury is associated with other findings including large hemarthrosis & bruises of the bone that are absent with chronic tear of ACL, however there may be anterior tibial subluxation and PCL buckling because of residual laxity of the joint. A deepened sulcus of the condylo-patellar junction on the lateral condyle of the femur, called ‘‘notch sign’’ is considered a sign of chronic insufficiency of ACL, however it may also be noted in acute traumatic injury of ACL. ( 49

This essay deals with the current treatments, rehabilitation procedures and onsets following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Within this essay, there will be information including the causes, characteristics, and symptoms of ACL injuries. Throughout the United States, there are estimated to be 200,000 ACL injuries per year with 100,000 of those injuries being treated through ACL reconstruction (Evans, Shaginaw, & Bartolozz, 2014). With a satisfactory ACL reconstruction outcome between 75%-97%. From the 10%-15% failure rate of ACL reconstruction, the primary fault is due to technical mistakes at 70% (Samitier, Marcano, Alentorn-Geli, Cugot, Former, & Moser,