ADHD: A Case Study

ADHD is one of the most conventional behavior disorder that typically manifest itself in childhood (Carson, 2012), and can cause a multitude complications among a variety of settings such as social and school settings. Inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity are common symptoms for patients who suffer from ADHD. Children with ADHD can be very disorderly in classroom settings, and boys are ten times more likely than girls to receive a diagnosis in childhood, while in adulthood, the ratio is practically 2:1 (Carson, 2012). The most common treatment for ADHD is methlyphenidate, or Ritalin, a dopamine agonist/ norepinephrine agonist that inhibits reuptake of the neurotransmitter dopamine and norpinephrine. Methlyphenidate increases dopamine in the dorsal striatum, and both dopamine and norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex. Notwithstanding, the fact that MPH is a dopamine agonist suggest that this disorder may be

ADHD is indeed a part of the Western Culture. People are familiar with the term, treatment and some behaviors that ‘shows’ its existence; and since it has become part of the culture itself it is considered as something relatively normal -or at least common. Both sides of the debate agree on the fact that the behaviors called ADHD do exist, but is it a biological disease? A conduct disorder? Or are we as humans trying to narrow our behaviors in the way where anyone who is not as ‘efficient’ as us are considered to be ‘sick’?

The patient tells me he continues to do well with his Adderall XR 20 mg daily. He has been taking this now since the beginning of the year and he is tolerating it without any problems. He is having no side effects. He is eating and drinking normally. He has not noticed any change in his appetite when he takes it. He does not have chest pain, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, or dizziness. No palpitations. He does not think that it affects his appetite or sleep and only perceives benefit from the medication itself. When he does not take it, he says that he is not as efficient with his time, he does not have the same motivation, he does not have the same attention to detail and concentration. He is pleased when he takes it. He is able to get more things done. He is able to stay on past better, better concentration, and attention to detail.

Are we really receiving the correct medication needed within our medicated society today? This article goes over some very important facts about Attention- Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It includes a lot of data and statistics about the disorder, including the shocking statistics that “approximately 11% of children 4-17 years of age (6.4 million) have been diagnosed with ADHD as of 2011”, and “the percentage of children with an ADHD diagnosis continues to increase, from 7.8% in 2003 to 9.5% in 2007 and to 11.0% in 2011” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2013). As of 2011, only 6.1% of children diagnosed with ADHD were taking medication for their diagnosed disorder, another statistic stated in the article (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2013). The article also uses many graphs and charts to show geographic occurrence of current and past diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder, along with those receiving or having received medication for their diagnosis. Lastly, the article also includes details and facts of injuries associated with a diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder, peer relationships with children diagnosed and their parents, as well as economic costs in regards to ambulatory rides, emergency room visits, and medication costs.

The “better safe than sorry” mentality leads to over diagnosis in adolescent ADHD furthermore causing the concern of overprescribing of medication as treatment and “overly managing” the disorder. Approximately 4.6 million children between age 6 and 17 received a diagnosis of ADHD, and over half of them (59%) were given medication (Parens and Johnston, 2009). Some of the usual prescribed medicines to those with ADHD is that of Ritalin and Adderall – drugs that are classified in the same category as cocaine, opium, and amphetamines, all which are a schedule II controlled substance in the Drug Enforcement Agency (Pomeroy, 2013). Proponents of medication of children broadcast the evidence of effectiveness of the medication with reducing the primary symptoms of ADHD. Although these stimulants have the same reinforcing effect as cocaine, many swear by the difference instantly made by medication, hence why doctors administer the drugs after diagnosis. Others also believe that medication distribution is more economically efficient as well as time efficient because of its quick acting effects. Because doctors are faced with severe payer and clinical time constraints, many physicians diagnose ADHD following it by fast-acting medication (Connor, 2011). Therefore, as over diagnosis of ADHD increased, so has the amount of prescription to children. However, “although theories regarding the cause of these increases abound, what has not surfaced is a clear consensus on whether increases in

ADHD. A well known learning disability, that’s known across the country. Not many people understand ADHD. In this paper, you will learn more about ADHD and some interesting facts about this disability, like “what are the symptoms of ADHD?” and “what causes ADHD?” You will also learn some interesting facts, like the difference between a normal brain and an ADHD brain, and the consequences of ADHD.

Being a daycare provider I get an eye opening experience every day. Before I started this job I knew very little about the many disorders children can have, but I knew a little bit about ADHD because, I had a few classmates who were diagnosed with ADHD and had been taking medicine for years to help them focus better on what the teacher was saying and to help them focus on the task at hand. However, I quickly learned that ADHD is different for everyone. Especially, kids who are younger. We will talk about the first line of treatment for school-age children.

There is insufficient evidence to support the use of polyunsaturated fatty acids to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents.

This paper is about the management and treatment of children suffering from ADHD disorder. ADHD disorder has become common and widespread. The diagnosis of school age children has become increasingly high. School failure and social difficulties are contributed to ADHD. ADHD disorder takes away children's ability to control themselves. Teachers often complain about these children's inability to self-control and no self-restraint as in the case of Jay, the nine-year-old in this case study, not only are they hindering the educational progress of the ADHD child but at the same time hindering the academic progress of their peers.

Staff, teachers, and school personnel lack the ability to determine a diagnosis of a child having ADHD or giftedness. Staff have less training on this subject which causes work in the classroom to become more difficult. Increased activity, lack of attention span, difficulty completing certain tasks, and response to questions decrease are just a few forms teacher may signal from students in their classroom. Teachers are to watch their students closely to see if the students attention fade where they may need to refer the student. ADHD is not uncommon of a misdiagnosis that may be cause by other conditions from the classroom to the home environment. Attention spans are where teachers can see there is a potential issue with the particular

Historically speaking, the evolution of special education services and its relationship with general education, and minority students has been evolving. Specifically, special education services have been particularly problematic when addressing the issue of overrepresentation of minority students (Zhang, Katsiyannis, Ju, & Roberts, 2014). One such reason has been emulated in the court case of Larry P v Riles (Buss, 1996). Specifically, this court case identified the issues of using intellectual assessments on African American students. Intellectual tests are notoriously bias against minority students as the assessments have been normed toward White, middle class Americans

I think that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) has an overall impact on life because it comes naturally in some cases and it is a medical disorder, it can be caused by a number of factors that affect how the brain develops and functions. AD/HD has an impact on multiple things including your home life, school, work, and sometimes even your relationships. It is common in children, adolescents, and adults. Some other impact on people with AD/HD would be inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. In each stage of life varying aspects of the disorder being more prominent at different stages. ADHD could persist into adulthood and causing disruptions in everyday life. It has been associated with increased healthcare costs for patients

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a chronic condition that affects an individual’s ability to control attention and behaviour in an optimal and adaptive manner. Reference. According to the National Institutes of Health attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common childhood disorders (NIH, 2008). ADHD can be defined as as having a combination of overactive and poorly modulate behaviour which creates restlessness and impulsive tendencies which occur early in life i.e, before 7 years. Reference. ADHD has 3 core characteristics; inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. As ADHD cannot be cured there has been an abundance of information about the interventions that can be used to control ADHD. Evidence has

The objective of this paper is to present a case study of a client, J.W., who was seen at Mazique Pediatric PC with a chief complaint of recurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) -like symptoms and behavior changes. J.W. was first diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder at age seven. The management process of his condition will include literature review regarding ADHD, epidemiological data, nursing and medical diagnoses with plans, treatments, evaluation with possible outcomes.

As in any situation with any student that is special or gifted or that IDEA, IEP, and 504 Plans, have to be the first and foremost concern for all parties involved. “Education For All Handicapped Children Act Passed in 1975 Guaranteed and enforced the right of all children with disabilities to receive free and appropriate education Considered the foundation of special education in the United States; 1990- Law renamed to IDEA. What is an IEP? Individualized Education Plan Written plan that describes the program and special services a student requires to be successful Developed by parents and educators Individualized- plan specifically developed for a child’s special needs