ALCOHOL PRESENTATION

The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test was established by the World Health Organization in order to screen inpatients with an extensive series of alcohol associated difficulties (Bradley, et al., 2007). The AUDIT total has also been revealed to be a better forecaster of succeeding alcohol related medical and social difficulties than typical biochemical signs and seems to be operational with adults and heavy drinkers and alcoholics (Bradley, et al., 2007). The AUDIT has also been presented to be

According the Australian Government (druginfo.com), one in eight teen related deaths has alcohol as an attributing factor. And in 52% of these cases the teens have been aged from 14 – 17. An even more shocking statistic is the number of indigenous teens who are involved in these accidents and deaths.

Alcohol related injuries and diseases are the cause of 207, 800 National Health Service (NHS) admissions in 2006 compared to 93, 500 in 1996.¹ This increase of more than 100% justifies my health

In 2010, it was reported that Irish people drank 11.4 litres of pure alcohol per capita (“Global status report on alcohol and health 2014.”). This statistic was collected by surveying the drinking habits of people above the age of 15 who lived in Ireland. However, the averages change depending on which group is analyzed. Among only drinkers, the average alcohol consumption rises from 11.4 litres to 14.7 litres. The statistics change even more depending on gender. The average Irish male consumes about 19.8 litres of pure alcohol a year while the average Irish female consumes about only 9.3 litres of pure alcohol a year (“Global status report on alcohol and health 2014.”). According to these statistics, it is much more likely for a male to pe a problem drinker or an alcoholic than a female.

Alcohol use has spanned history. In fact, there is speculation that alcohol use actually preceded the formation of societies (Doweiko, 2015, p. 30). Thus, alcohol has long been a part of mankind’s life. The function of alcohol has unarguably changed throughout the course of history, as it was first used for nutritional purposes and then later on for religious purposes (Doweiko, 2015, p. 32). Today, alcohol serves a social purpose. In the United States, the prevalence of use is quite high, with just over 50% of the population partaking monthly (Doweiko, 2015, p. 34). This statistic is somewhat alarming considering alcohol use comes with a number of potential adverse consequences. Case in point, even

and delinquent behaviour (Jones and Donovan 2001). Among young people aged 16 to 24 years, alcohol related harm is one of the leading causes of disease and

In 2013, the cost for treating alcohol dependent cases not only rose but also doubled from 1.51 million to 3.13 million. Of these, 6,490 resulted in death. On a minute scale, excluding those who depended on alcohol; 1,008,850 adults here who are categorised between the age of 16 and over were administered into hospitals for alcohol related illnesses. It was estimated that in 2008, the total harm that alcohol caused to society was 21 billion a year, (National statistics, 2014). The issue of alcohol has and still is one of a political importance, given that the taxpayer funded this. Tackling the issue by raising prices to dismay the population from drinking has failed. In fact, it has increased; in 1992, 527 millilitres (ml) were consumed per person per week, it then peaked to 700 (ml) per week in 2012, (National statistics, 2014).

This Annotated Bibliography has been developed in co-ordination with an Alcohol Poster presentation, with the aim of elucidating the dangers alcohol has on a person’s health and wellbeing. The author chose alcohol as a topic, as it is well-known to be dangerous but in contrast it is readily available for people to purchase. Alcohol dependency has serious detrimental effects on people’s health and social lives. The World Health Organisation (WHO, 2008) stated “alcohol is the third- biggest threat to public health”. Nearly 200,000 people die each year from alcohol abuse (Claypool). It is an escalating problem within UK culture; latest statistics demonstrate 33% of men and 16% of women were

Winslow, B. T., Onysko, M., & Hebert, M. (2016). Medications for alcohol use disorder. American Family Physician, 93(6), 457-465.

Within England more than 9 million people drink more than the recommended daily limits, and as recorded in 2012 there were 6,490 alcohol related deaths (NHS, 2012), a 19% increase compared to those recorded statistics in 2001 (NHS, 2012). This shows a major cause for concern within England to date, driving the promotion of the Drinkaware campaign to tackle the problem.

Alcohol consumption is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Worldwide, the mortality attributable to alcohol is at 3.8%. (Thebault, Falcoff, Favre & Rigal, 2015). According to the World Health Organization's statistics, alcohol kills 2.5 million

According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, almost 17 million adults had an Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) in 2013. Even worse, almost 90,000 people die every year from alcohol-related causes. Alcohol and addiction are two serious public health problems that both can be solved through professional treatment.

Previously, it was the case that men were much more likely to abuse alcohol, as they were much higher consumers. However, in the past few decades, alcohol consumption by women in the UK and other countries has increased greatly. Although it has stabilised over the last few years in the UK, most women who use alcohol drink more than the recommended limit. This is especially the case in teenage girls with the likelihood of binge drinking as high as teenage boys. Women in professional jobs are another group that has seen large rises in alcohol consumption (Institute of Alcohol Studies, 2013). And, according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2015) around five million women in the United States are threatening their health by drinking dangerously high levels of alcohol.

Magnitude of and trends in alcohol-related mortality and morbidity among U.S. college students ages 18–24, 1998–2005. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs) (Suppl. 16):12–20, 2009.

Ideally, alcohol consumption has always been an existent problem. As previously described, a study was used to classify men more likely to have alcohol problems, back in the 20th century, than women did. Drinking is not over, which is clear; however, it is only increasing with time. At the end of the day, I strongly want to convey just how relevant drinking is.