AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE MINING SECTOR IN NIGERIA

Although mines like these can be very successful, some did lead to negative impacts on the environment. Some of these impacts where fracking, sinkholes,

economic, social and environmental responsibilities, while making a positive and lasting contribution to the environment and communities in which it operates. However there is also a large amount of informal alluvial diamond digging – which is not currently regulated and therefore neither is its impact on the environment. This document, as the majority of diamond mining is formal, focuses on the environmental impact on this sector.

Minerals can affect society in many ways for example; Surface mining destroys vegetation across large areas, increasing erosion. Open-pit mining uses huge quantities of water. Acid mine drainage is pollution caused when dissolved toxic materials wash from mines into nearby lakes and streams. Minerals is approximately 80 percent of mined ore consists of impurities that become wastes after processing. These wastes, called tailings, are usually left in giant piles on the ground or in ponds near the processing plants (Figure 12.9). The tailings contain toxic materials such as cyanide, mercury, and sulfuric acid. Left

However, there if there is something good there has to be a bad part as well. Even though mining is helping the technologies to grow rapidly everyday, there are side affects caused to the people live near mining areas, especially indigenous people, given that a substantial number of mining operations are on or near Indigenous land, the increase in mining investment may have extremely affected Indigenous communities. There are concerns that, in remote mining areas, the increases in house costs generated by the mining boom mean that anyone who doesn’t work in the mining industry, especially those who are 100% relied on government benefits, will find it harder to afford housing. It will not affect the current generation; however, it will have a huge impact on the future generation. For example, parents wont be able to afford money for their children to go to school, which will result in, kids started working as child labours or slaves and people will find it hard to afford foods and

In today’s day and age, societies are a lot more aware of the environment and furthermore, concerned for the Earths sustainability. Although this is the case for most, Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) often target developing countries that are rich in resources and therefore take them for all they’ve got. One such example is fracking the earth, in order to extract natural gases that could potentially benefit corporations and contribute to their bottom line dramatically. Although this has it’s positives, the implications of fracking could have incredibly serious repercussions, particularly the preservation of the earth and it’s current resources.

The mining process involves many big vehicles and other technology that release huge amounts of pollution into the atmosphere speeding up global warming and causing climate change.

In exchange for their environment, the companies agree to provide jobs like laborers, managers and traders; education; financial payments; business and economic development. This makes the First Nations to take up leadership roles in their communities, the mining sector and the society at large. Also, First Nations makes these mining companies to respect and recognize their rights and titles. The companies also provide environmental protection. By consulting the First nations first before using their lands and providing benefits, they will be no conflicts between the mining companies and First

| From a social perspective there is far less reticence about adverse environmental impact in Brazil as opposed to the UK for example, and as such Brazil and Petrobras have taken steps to reduce and control adverse effects of their exploration efforts (Petrobras, 2011). The Salt Institute (SI, 2012) indicate that mining for Rock salt does cause known environmental stresses such as fragmentation and also indicates that transportation of the salt can have adverse environmental impact. The SI strongly advocates the use of permits in order to regulate the industry, a view shared by Mol (2010).

Everything that happens through what we do and still doing creates a chain reaction of the ecosystems and because of this, it makes a huge affect on the earth we live in. Mining is an industry that is becoming bigger and bigger, day-by-day and it has that large effect on the earth, but the downside to this is that there is a demand for different rocks that’s also becoming larger and larger, thus causing the need for larger mines and equipment. Another problem that could come with mining would be process control. This can all cause more waste and changes to our ecosystem but it is all under control, seeing as how more and more laws are being placed on this kind of things. Elements and rocks can’t be “grown” like plants can. Sustainable Mining

Method: Before companies being a mining project, they must first have suitable and registered plans for the rehabilitation of the mine site once mining is completed. They are required to (within NWS) produce an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), which collects and surveys the features and conditions of the proposed mine site prior to commencement of mining. The EIS is used to predict the future impact of the mining operation and rehabilitation on native flora and fauna, so appropriate

It is apparent that mining in Ghana has tremendous repercussions for the countries environment and the citizens due to high concentrations of chemicals being released such as mercury. The heavily polluted tailing in the mining process are neglected in ways that polluted the soil, lakes, air and the water. To elaborate, this agrees with the findings by Hilson (2002) who found in this research a rather large amount of mercury emission estimated to be over 5 tonnes is being released each year. Furthermore, a study by Nyarko et al. (2006) found high levels of arsenic in the rivers of Ghana, samples ranging from 0.90 to 8.00 ppm, exceeding the recommended values of

FDI allows the home country to invest into the host country to produce, advertise, and distribute products, in order to upsurge their market share and provides a long-term investment and enhancement. (Moosa, 2002)

In our days, mining for resources is inevitable. The resources we need are valuable in everyday life. Such resources mined up are coal, copper, gold, silver, and sand. However, mining poses environmental risks that can degrade the quality of soil and water, which can end up effecting us humans if not taken care of and many of the damages are irreversible once they have occurred.

Another perspective to look at it is that social impact mining has. Though it can be difficult to separate the economic impact from the social, because many social issues are the result of poverty. Meaning that if the mining

The mining industry has seen an explosive growth from the past few decades. It has played an important role in economic growth, infrastructure development and a raise in the living standard of the whole world. According to the Australian National Accounting System, the mining sector has made contributions of 9.8% GDP growth to the Australian economy between 2008 to 2009 (Australia Bureau of Statistics, 2012). However, the mining industry has caused many environmental issues such as adverse effect to air, land and water quality and continues to affect global environment as a whole. According to the World Health Organization, it evaluated that 25% of worldwide death are directly associated with environmental pollution (Blacksmith Institute, n.d). This essay will outline the environmental issue raised by the mining industry with pinpoint focus on the effects to air, water and land. It will also provide strategies for mining companies to improve the environmental conditions.