ABSTRACT
This study attempted to estimate the environmental impact of Foreign Direct Investment in the mining sector in Nigeria. It is argued that only those countries that have reached a certain income level can absorb new technologies and benefit from technology diffusion, and thus reap the extra advantages that FDI can offer. The mining industry in Nigeria is dominated by oil. Indeed, Nigeria is the largest producer of this commodity in Africa and sixth largest producers in the world. This research study makes use of secondary data. The variables used are the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), gross domestic product (GDP), output of mining industry and per capital flight (KF). This study covers a period of 31 years that spans between
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FDI within mining sector can therefore have significant impacts, positive, as well as negative. Positive impacts can include increased employment, better health care, improved infrastructure and schooling. On the negative side there may be disruption of traditional cultures, environmental degradation, basic commodity price increases, population displacement, land use conflicts and loss of livelihood (Danielson and Lagos, 2001).
This is particularly true for the environment. Preliminary evidence suggests that under appropriate framework conditions, foreign investments in mining frequently have higher environmental performance compared to domestic operations, due to new technologies and practices they bring with them. On the other hand, when these framework conditions, such as effective environmental regulation and transparent public governance, are not in place, there is a risk that serious environmental and social damage can occur.
The mining industry has in recent years turned its attention to the environmental impacts of its activities, and in particular is addressing the issue through the Global Mining Initiative (www.globalmining.com) and the Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development Project (MMSD) which is addressing the issue of the contribution of the mining sector to sustainable development
However, there if there is something good there has to be a bad part as well. Even though mining is helping the technologies to grow rapidly everyday, there are side affects caused to the people live near mining areas, especially indigenous people, given that a substantial number of mining operations are on or near Indigenous land, the increase in mining investment may have extremely affected Indigenous communities. There are concerns that, in remote mining areas, the increases in house costs generated by the mining boom mean that anyone who doesn’t work in the mining industry, especially those who are 100% relied on government benefits, will find it harder to afford housing. It will not affect the current generation; however, it will have a huge impact on the future generation. For example, parents wont be able to afford money for their children to go to school, which will result in, kids started working as child labours or slaves and people will find it hard to afford foods and
I could really understand “Life Story” by David Shields. Shields wrote his essay in all bumper stickers. It may seem as a mess, but it is not. It made sense. The bumper stickers combined a lot of life advice.
A number of actions and technologies are being made and used by mining productions to make less environmental impacts of mining, these are talked about below.
The mining process involves many big vehicles and other technology that release huge amounts of pollution into the atmosphere speeding up global warming and causing climate change.
| From a social perspective there is far less reticence about adverse environmental impact in Brazil as opposed to the UK for example, and as such Brazil and Petrobras have taken steps to reduce and control adverse effects of their exploration efforts (Petrobras, 2011). The Salt Institute (SI, 2012) indicate that mining for Rock salt does cause known environmental stresses such as fragmentation and also indicates that transportation of the salt can have adverse environmental impact. The SI strongly advocates the use of permits in order to regulate the industry, a view shared by Mol (2010).
Physician-Assisted Death (PAD) is a rising practice in the United States. PAD is the act in which a doctor prescribes a “potentially lethal” medication to a terminally ill patient at their request. Other names for Physician-Assisted Death are Physician-Aid-in-Dying, Physician Assisted Suicide, and Patient Administered Hastened Death. This act is commonly confused with a very similar practice known as Euthanasia. Euthanasia is defined as the act of assisting people with their death in order to end their suffering, but without the backing of a controlling legal authority.
Why does it matter if LGBT people are in the military? One of the people that disagree with LGBT people being in the military is Donald Trump. While they believe LGBT people should not be allowed in the military LGBT people should be allowed in the military because they are willing to fight, they deserve the job, they have human rights.
Everything that happens through what we do and still doing creates a chain reaction of the ecosystems and because of this, it makes a huge affect on the earth we live in. Mining is an industry that is becoming bigger and bigger, day-by-day and it has that large effect on the earth, but the downside to this is that there is a demand for different rocks that’s also becoming larger and larger, thus causing the need for larger mines and equipment. Another problem that could come with mining would be process control. This can all cause more waste and changes to our ecosystem but it is all under control, seeing as how more and more laws are being placed on this kind of things. Elements and rocks can’t be “grown” like plants can. Sustainable Mining
In today’s day and age, societies are a lot more aware of the environment and furthermore, concerned for the Earths sustainability. Although this is the case for most, Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) often target developing countries that are rich in resources and therefore take them for all they’ve got. One such example is fracking the earth, in order to extract natural gases that could potentially benefit corporations and contribute to their bottom line dramatically. Although this has it’s positives, the implications of fracking could have incredibly serious repercussions, particularly the preservation of the earth and it’s current resources.
In exchange for their environment, the companies agree to provide jobs like laborers, managers and traders; education; financial payments; business and economic development. This makes the First Nations to take up leadership roles in their communities, the mining sector and the society at large. Also, First Nations makes these mining companies to respect and recognize their rights and titles. The companies also provide environmental protection. By consulting the First nations first before using their lands and providing benefits, they will be no conflicts between the mining companies and First
The ocean covers around 70% of the world’s surface yet the deep sea and seafloor is largely unexplored. In fact, more information about the surface of Mars and the moon has been gathered by human exploration than about the deep sea (Flannery, 2007). The deep sea, although a hostile environment, has huge animal biodiversity. Plants, however, cannot survive below the photic level as there is no sunlight for photosynthesis. Light begins to disappear in the mesopelagic zone of the sea and totally disappears below 1,000m. This defines the start of the bathypelagic zone which is one of the largest, most deserted habitats on earth (Marshall, 1979).
FDI allows the home country to invest into the host country to produce, advertise, and distribute products, in order to upsurge their market share and provides a long-term investment and enhancement. (Moosa, 2002)
Minerals can affect society in many ways for example; Surface mining destroys vegetation across large areas, increasing erosion. Open-pit mining uses huge quantities of water. Acid mine drainage is pollution caused when dissolved toxic materials wash from mines into nearby lakes and streams. Minerals is approximately 80 percent of mined ore consists of impurities that become wastes after processing. These wastes, called tailings, are usually left in giant piles on the ground or in ponds near the processing plants (Figure 12.9). The tailings contain toxic materials such as cyanide, mercury, and sulfuric acid. Left
In the world today, Ernest Hemingway is known as one of the great classic writers, but this wasn’t always true. Hemingway had already published two books before he finally became well liked with the publish of his book The Sun Also Rises, a novel detailing a group of Americans as they travel to Spain and the struggles they face inwardly. It is a book that is rife with different themes and symbolism, as well as significant to Hemingway’s life and one that speaks of life in the 20’s and what was or was not morally acceptable at the time, particularly concerning gender roles.
In our days, mining for resources is inevitable. The resources we need are valuable in everyday life. Such resources mined up are coal, copper, gold, silver, and sand. However, mining poses environmental risks that can degrade the quality of soil and water, which can end up effecting us humans if not taken care of and many of the damages are irreversible once they have occurred.