APA Style: A History Of Hacking

In the early days of computing, a hacker was primarily referred to as a computer guru, someone who is extremely technical with a high expertise in computer also known as “Expert Programmers”. Nevertheless, as technology is advancing at a face pace, hacking has adopted a completely different definition. The modern definition is someone who access a computer system primarily to steal or destroy information. Hacking has caused major harm in the realm of technology. Over the years, hackers have become much more lethal in their craft. They manage to break into complex information systems from entities such as banks, government agencies, and private businesses. Furthermore, they often manipulate their victims through social engineering in order to obtain financial benefits. Hackers hold different label such as: black hat hacker and white hat hacker in which all have their own motives.

The first reason is the thrill and challenges of it. They found that the overcoming challenges and obstacles are full of excitement when knowing they are doing something forbidden. According to Kelvin Beaver, the bad guys think bad thoughts, use good tools, and develop new methods (Kevin, 2013). So, every hacking attempt is a new challenges for them. The second reason is hacking for personal gain. Some of the hacker attempt to hack to get the credit card number, password of user account to gain money. They usually targeted on bank and large companies for hacking jobs, but sometimes smaller companies are targeted as well. The third reason, is prestige. Some hackers make attempt for their own personal gratification, they will proudly bragging right in their social circle about their accomplishment in hacking very secure data sets. They just want to show that they can do anything on your computer or system without your permission. The fourth reason is for revenge. Sometimes they hack to steal and destroy data because they have a personal revenge toward that person or they have been ordered by someone else which can be competitor in business or politic to fail their enemy. In addition, they use your valuable files to gain access to billing, merchant accounts and third party systems. If you store this type of information in your database, it could mean a terrible lawsuit for damages to

The word hacking, usually associated with information technology, is a term used for the development of creative solutions for a problem by someone in a non-professional environment. With the introduction of personal computers and the internet, anyone could create solutions to problems in computer science. This led to the emergence of “hacker culture”, leading to the decentralization of computer industry (Hicks, 2014).

Once, there was a boy named Tom Tapia. He was about 10, almost 11. He loved to play games like Stare_Woofs, or really any hacking game. When he grew up… he was a hacker, a black hat one. He started out as just a script kiddy, in high school, changing his grades and charging other students to change theirs. Then he grew more and more intelligent. He learned how to hack in C++, then all forms of Java, then Lua, and eventually every programming language. By the time he was 25, he was a very skilled hacker, even attempted the white house once, almost made it when the daily system reboot threw ‘em out.

In the past 12 months, there have been nearly 432 million accounts hacked belonging to many websites and applications. Many of this information stolen was sensitive, personal data such as credit card information, phone numbers, passwords, and even addresses.

Hacking has evolved from juvenile’s curious action into serious criminal act. The low cost of computers and ease of accessing internet has allowed proliferation of criminals to use these tools to research and attack their targets. The main goal is criminal exploit and to exploit learn hacking techniques to accomplish goal. The use of electronic devices and internet leave behind digital marks and fortunately criminal first hackers have a difficult time erasing their trail allowing for the savvy digital forensics investigator to collect evidence and locate the criminal.

The inception of APA emerged in 1929 when psychologists and business managers met with the vehement resolve to establish rules or guidelines for scientific writing. The people in the meeting incorporated rules ranging from punctuations, abbreviations, statistics, in-text citations, and references. These rules are significant, and safeguards against plagiarism rearing it’s ugly head. The acumen of those involved set a superior precedent, not merely an obiter dictum, in advanced communication skills. A precedent surely utilized by writers of the day, and a precedent for posterity.

Adam Segal’s “The Hacked World Order” reveals many prevalent issues in today’s technologically centered society. Starting at Year Zero, June 2012 to June 2013, the battle over cyberspace witnessed world-changing cyberattacks. This was accomplished due to the fact that nearly 75% of the world’s population has easy access to a mobile phone, and the Internet connects nearly 40% of the total human population, which is nearly 2.7 billion people. With that being said, cyberattacks are becoming a more realistic form of terror.

Many people know that curiosity killed the cat, for hacker’s curiosity is deep in their roots. It started with the word hack. “Hack” was used as a term witch is to improve performance of programs. Pagllery stated that “Hacking became the art of figuring out unique solutions.” and that “hackers wanted to make technology work better….” In the 1970s hackers used a whistle tone for free international phone calls. In the 1980s, instead of teenage hacking the phone network system, hackers began to attack computers for money and espionage (Pagllery). This brings in the DHS (Department of Homeland Security) to combat terrorism, but later to also combat the growing cyberterrorism. The DHS was created after the 2001 terrorist attack on the world trade

The skill and cunning of hackers evolves in tandem with the latest technological innovations. One memorable breech was a cyberattack

For example in 2014 Sony Pictures Entertainment was hacked by a group of hackers called “Guardians of Peace.” They were upset about a specific movie that Sony was releasing, which depicted North Korea’s government as a parody. After threatening Sony to take it down, they finally hacked them. They took over 100tb of data from it’s servers. That data included emails between executives and even a handful of unreleased movies. (Griffin, Andrew) This hack was unprecedented in its scale and vengeance. Because of its scale, this hack could only be accomplished by a group working towards a single goal. This again is contrary to the stereotype that hackers work

Even though David initial intend was to find a game and not to start World War lll, his actions proved otherwise. The use of technology is an important advancement to modern society. However, when technology is given to adolescents unmonitored opens a new world to curious minds. In addition, this movie portrays a negative light on hackers. It shows that hacking is a serious issue because of the simplicity of some forms of hacking like social engineering and shoulder surfing such as when David simply knew the password for his school’s administrative computer and a simple code to hack into the system to change his grade. As a result, this movie portray a notion that anyone that knows and does a little research on hacking can cause

What comes to mind when you hear the word ‘hacker’? For most it means stealing information through the Internet, gaining illegal access to another person’s PC, or simply - disruptive behavior using a computer. The subject of hacking is no secret to the general public. Many people have been exposed to it by a bad experience or through the news and media. The idea of hacking that is stuck in the minds of people is that of which they have seen in the movies. The movies portray hackers as young and devious criminals. However, in reality these individuals are, talented people who use their abilities to find new and challenging ways to change how computers work. According to the Cult of the Dead Cow (weird name), a hacking organization, true

Etymologically speaking, hacking began in the 1960’s with MIT’s Tech Model Railroad Club. Due to the exceptionally slow speeds of mainframe computers at that time, (personal computers were not invented yet), software programmers came up with ‘hacks’ to improve the processing time of their programs. These hackers became the core of the MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab (AI Lab). Their talents pushed a program beyond its intended capabilities, at the same time expanding their personal programming talents and the professional reputation of the AI Lab. These individuals believed the educational bureaucracy at MIT should not come into direct conflict with being able to accomplish any productive task. The hackers picked door locks, climbed ducts, or came up through the floorboards all in an effort to have access to computers to test their software code. “Even now, there is a big wrench at the AI Lab titled, “the seventh-floor master key” to be used in case anyone dares to lock up one of the more fancy terminals” (Schell, “The Hacking of America: Who’s Doing It, Why, and How” 44).

Threats against big companies and people across the world isn’t a trending topic. A lack of protection from within the platforms can create internal, external, and political problems for people and business companies. Internally, hackers try to compromise computers and gather sensitive information from the inside as if it was their private property. Externally, hackers gather information for their own personal gain and to pose a great threat from outside of the business or person’s home because they can find access into the system a lot easier with new advanced technology. Over time, computer hacking has grown into something that is essentially a worldwide problem in countries like North Korea, Russia, the United States, and China that is. Overall, some these countries are trying to eliminate and capture hackers and produce a stronger more secure based program for all of the computer platforms. The literature points out that the only way of fixing the problem with hackers is to invest much more money into producing a more secure security system for all platforms that is basically impossible to decode or enter the program.