ATM SCI 100: Survey Of Meteorology

1. Weather is the current state of the atmosphere. Climate is the long-term weather conditions for an area or region. Some examples of weather will be tornadoes, hurricanes and flooding. When it comes to climate common examples will be tropical, polar, marine, and Mediterranean. The difference between weather and climate is that climate is a long-term weather. We can say that climate is like the “official” weather of the region or country. For example, in Dominican Republic, our climate is tropical. On the other hand, weather is the current situation on the region or country.

There are three different weather bands in each hemisphere, they are trade winds, polar easterlies, and prevailing westerlies.

Higher altitudes are cooler than lower altitudes, which is explained by the lapse rate. On local scales, temperature differences can occur because different surfaces (such as oceans, forests, ice sheets, or man-made objects) have differing physical characteristics such as reflectivity, roughness, or moisture content.

Weather is described quite a bit in the novel, it sticks out because there isn’t many other descriptions. Weather can set a tone and attitude of a piece. Weather can be either a positive or negative thing. Snow is one type of specific weather used to enhance Steinbeck’s purpose. Snow represents oppression and loneliness in the book.

could have improved in this extended abstract. On several occasions, they used abbreviations without definitions. Some of these included “AMS”, “AUG”, “NCDC” and “NWS”. Though these abbreviations would have been common knowledge in the meteorology community, they should have still been defined with their first use. Another off-putting tendency was that the authors referred to Changnon by his first name, which was especially strange since they later referred to him by his last name. Furthermore, there were what appeared to be a few typographical errors in the abstract. For example, in Figures 4, 6, and 7, the nautical mile unit is abbreviated as “nim” instead of “nmi”. Additionally, the tense was not constant in the first paragraph. These changes would have been relative easy for the authors to

Cold fronts and Warm fronts help produce weather conditions. Cold fronts are fast fronts accelerating to speeds of around 30 miles per hour, ushering in rain or snow. Warm fronts move slower traveling at around 10- 15 miles per hour producing a gentle rainfall spread across much area. Both fronts creates weather conditions with

Summary: Seasons are formed by rotation of the earth which is cause of day and night, and also the rotation of the earth around the sun that provides us our year. Therefore, the sun never changes, only the earth make a cause to bring changes in light, darkness, and in the temperature. The earth rotates on an axis that is tilted. When the earth’s axis rotate closer to the sun, we expect summer, and when it spins far away from the sun, we experience winter.

The radiation is usually visible light that includes infrared rays and ultraviolet rays. About 30 percent of the radiation that makes it to the Earth’s atmosphere is automatically reflected back into space by clouds. The rest of the radiation, about 70 percent, is absorbed and heats the atmosphere and the earth’s surface. Latitudes between 23-½ degrees north and 23-½ south the sun is directly overhead twice a year. Therefore, the radiation reaching the atmosphere is the most intense, in these cases. In tropical latitudes, there is not much difference in the amount of solar heating between summer and winter but on average, monthly temperatures do not usually change during the year. However, from the Tropic of Cancer to the artic circle and from the Tropic of Capricorn to the Antarctic Circle, solar heating is greater in summer rather than in winter, making summers warmer than winters.

I. (Main Point = Need) According to NASA climate is made up of two things. Those two things are the climates of certain locations during the different seasons and the Earth’s climate which is a combination of all those different induvial climates.

Climate is sometimes confused with weather, which can lead some people to think that an abnormally cold day can mean that climate change and global warming is a myth. Climate is the weather conditions of an area over an extended period. Climate change is the current warming trend of weather mainly caused by human activities. According to a report written by NASA on global climate change, the main cause of this new human induced, climate change is what’s known as the “greenhouse effect.” The greenhouse effect results when the atmosphere traps gasses, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and methane which causes earth to trap heat (“Global Climate Change”). According to a report by the Washington State Department of Ecology, carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gasses caused by humans have warmed the earth and are causing many negative

Basic scientific concepts show that this view is naive and incorrect. The forces of the Earth do not work so that there are equal balances in the temperature chances in the world, so that they average out to be a comfortable room temperature. For example, the troposphere (the lowest part of theatmosphere) is warming, but the levels above, from the stratosphere up, are cooling, as less radiation is escaping out to space. This rules out cycles related to the Sun, as solar influences would warm the entire atmosphere in a uniform fashion. The only explanation that makes sense is greenhouse gases (Climatesight 1). Furthermore, it is clear that it is not the whole atmosphere that is heating up, only the troposphere is. The rest of the atmosphere above that is, in turn, cooling down. Clearly, the climate change is much more complex than this predicted equilibrium.

The environment has reliably changed for a significant long time. The perilous barometrical deviation occurs because the normal turn of the sun that movement the energy of light and moving closer to the earth. Another explanation behind a perilous climatic deviation is nursery grasses. Nursery gasses are carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide, it traps the daylight based warms bars and shields it from making tracks in an opposite direction from the surface of the earth. This has caused the temperature of the earth increase. Volcanic emanations are another issue that causes a far-reaching temperature support. For instance, a single volcanic launch will release quantify of carbon dioxide and red-hot flotsam and jetsam to the air. At the point when carbon dioxide increase, the temperature of earth addition and nursery trap the daylight based radiations in the earth. Finally, methane is another issue that causes a hazardous barometrical deviation. Methane is moreover an ozone hurting substance. Methane is more fruitful in getting warmth noticeable all around

Diagnostic calculations give the better understanding, of the relation between pressure, density and temperature, and the horizontal velocity is never included in these calculations. In contrary to diagnostic calculations the prognostic calculations can easily be divide into two stages, a purely hydrodynamics which determines the motion of air particles in the atmosphere and thermodynamics which is used to reach conclusion about changes that occur at different stages of the prediction of the weather, and the vertical velocity is never included in these prognostic

(Luedeling et al., 2009b) probed decline in winter chilling hours in mountain oases of Oman. In the model adopted , measurements in oases and the high resolution record was used to calibrate the long term record of daily temperature . In order to model hourly temperature , minimum and maximum daily temperature were used because their occurred a substantial shift in the ratio of the difference between maximum and minimum temperature and the difference between mean and minimum temperatures in Saiq over the period of 2003 to 2004 . Day length (solar radiation ) was used in order to estimate the different sunrise and sunset timings throughout the year. Time period for the estimation of records was 1979 to 2008 .Further , the temperature of each hour was estimated since 1979 , using regression equation , which was based on the long term daily minimum and maximum temperatures.

with the net heating is stronger than with the wind forcing. Thus, the relative seasonal