Aaron Beck Depression Inventory

DBT is designed to treat clients at all levels of severity and complexity of disorders. A growing body of empirical studies has examined DBT. DBT has been the subject of the most study and is the most widely used (Carson-Wong, Rizvi, & Steffel, 2013).

This instrument was developed by Aaron T. Beck who is a pioneer cognitive therapist. This instrument is commonly called the BDI and was developed in 1961. It was adapted in 1969 and a copyright was obtained in 1979. In developing the instrument Beck used a series of questions which enabled him to adequately measure the strength severity and complexity of depression. There are two versions of BDI, a long version which has 21 questions mostly used to measure specific symptom common with all patient suffering from depression. The shorter version which is composed of seven questions is meant to be used in a primary healthcare setting, with main purpose to evaluate, and monitor changes in of depression.

Depression is pervasive in both mental health and medical settings. In the US, the number of discharges with major depressive disorder as first-listed diagnosis was estimated 395,000 for 2010. The CDC also cites the percentage of persons 12 years of age and older with depression in any 2-week period at an estimated 8% between 2007-2010 (CDC, 2015). The American Psychiatric Associates guidelines on treatment of Major Depressive Disorder recommend the ongoing monitoring of symptoms among patients. Specifically, the APA recommends “systemically assessing symptoms of illness and the effects of treatment”. Consideration is given to matching clinical observations with clinician and/or patient administered rating scale measurements for initial and ongoing evaluation (American Psychiatric Association,

The Beck Youth Inventory Test was developed in 2001 by Judith Beck, Aaron Beck, John Jolly, and Robert Steer. The purpose of this psychological testing tool is a brief self-report to measure the distress in children and adolescents (Flanagan & Henington, 2005). The Beck Youth Inventory includes using five self-administered scales. The five tests include the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Anger Inventory, Beck Disruptive Inventory, and the Beck Self-Concept Inventory. These tests can be administered individually or in combination to the youth. The intended population for this test is ages 7-14 years (Flanagan & Henington, 2005). This test is used to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety, anger, disruptive

The aspect of BPD that drew me towards it was the notion that it is a more widespread mental illness than people think, often tied down to difficulties in diagnosing it due to crossovers with other illnesses such as depression which uses similar diagnosis criterion from the DSM V. In fact BPD affects 50% more people than Alzheimer’s disease and nearly as many as schizophrenia and bipolar combined (2.25%). There are a number of treatments available including new advances in epigenetics meaning a potential for more effective medication, as well as ' talking therapy ' treatments such as schema based therapy, metallization therapy and dialectal behaviour therapy which I am going to evaluate in order to decide according to scientific evidence and application what the most effective treatment for BPD is at present. The most effective treatment will be decided upon a

Major depression is a commonly diagnosed psychological disorder affecting individuals’ ability to feel happiness and peace of mind. Those who suffer experience negative emotions, lack of motivation, changes in behaviour and dysfunctional cognitive symptoms. Depression is classified by the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) as five of more of the listed symptoms present persistently over the same two weeks. One of these symptoms must be depressed mood or loss of interest in previously pleasurable activities. Depression causes disruption to typical daily life such as inability to maintain friendships and jobs. Other symptoms outlined by the DSM-5 include; insomnia, fatigue and recurrent thoughts of death. There is much debate over what exactly causes depression. Biological explanations question hereditary and neurotransmitter factors. While psychological theories include the cognitive ideas of Beck’s negative triad and hopelessness theory. This essay will focus on the ways in which psychological and biological explanations contrast and how their theories can overlap to better understand depression.

The BDI-II is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring the severity of depression (e.g. looking at symptoms of depression) in adults and adolescents (Beck, et al., 1996).

who do not have BPD. It has been found that individuals with BPD reach "arousal levels" much faster than others and take longer to get back to "normal levels" of arousal. Individuals with BPD appear to constantly have some type of crisis and they tend to view things in very close minded ways which can lead to intense feelings of their emotions. DBT teaches ways to cope with this. (Grohol, 2017). There are 4 modules used in DBT to teach the skills to reduce symptoms of BPD. The first is "mindfulness" (answering the question to themselves "what do I do to be mindful"), the second is "interpersonal effectiveness" (how you interact with the people around you and in your personal life), the third is "distress tolerance" (most therapies focus on changing distressing events whereas DBT focuses on learning to cope with pain using coping skills) and the fourth is "emotion regulation" (properly identifying emotions and changing them).

Eric Beck was a 32-year-old single Caucasian man when he arrived at the psychiatric hospital. At the time, Eric was living with his parents and working part-time as a night watchman for a large professional building in the city. Although he had worked as a stockbroker and trained as a paralegal, Eric had been underemployed for several years.

The Beck Depression Inventory is a 21 item test that looks to assess the depressive symptoms and severity of those symptoms in clients. There have been three versions of this test; BDI, BDI- 1A and the BDI-II. The questions are asked on a scale from 0-3 The test can be scored from a score of 0-63, with multiple ranges equating to different severities of depression. This test typically takes 10 minutes when self-administered and about 15 minutes when administered by interview. This is both good and bad.

Depression is a normal emotional reaction to perceived loss and hopelessness (Segal, Williams, & Teasdale, 2002). There are a number of different types of depression such as chronic depression, manic depression and the primary focus of this essay Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). MDD is a clinical depression, which is more chronic and more severe compared to other types of depression. It significantly disrupts the individual’s ability to meet the normal demands of life. According to many clinicians, clinical depression should be considered as a medical illness in need of medical intervention. Other mental health professionals believe this is an overstatement of the role of physiology and the

Aaron Beck youngest of five children was born in July 18, 1921 he is an American psychiatrist and a professor emeritus in the department of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania. He graduated as an exemplary student from Brown University in 1994, he also earned the William Gaston prize for excellence in Oratory and the Francis Wayland scholarship. Beck continued his studies at Yale University where he earned his medical degree in 1946 (GoodTherapy).

The Beck Anxiety Inventory is a 21-item scale that measures the severity of self-reported anxiety in adults and adolescents. The inventory was created by Aaron T. Beck and his colleague, Robert A. Steer, at the Center for Cognitive Therapy, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry. The most recent edition was published in 1993 by The Psychological Corporation, Harcourt Brace & Company in San Antonio, TX. The first edition was published in 1988. The 1993 edition recommends different scoring guidelines than previous editions. There is only one form and one manual as part of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). To purchase the BAI in 2010, the manual and 25 scoring sheets

Max Hamilton created the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and published the original assessment in 1960. The room for improvement of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression was advised, which led to the revision of the assessment in 1994. This assessment is aimed to benefit adults eighteen and older who have been diagnosed with depression. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression is a 21-item questionnaire administered by interview, that requires an estimate of ten minutes (Reynolds & Kobak, 1995)

The Beck Depression Inventory is a self-administered test, administered in a group setting or individually, that measures the severity of depression symptoms and attitudes of depression (pg 1 of manual). The revised Beck Depression Inventory was specifically designed to assess the severity of depression in clinically diagnosed patients. However, the revised Beck Depression Inventory was not specifically developed to be used as a screening instrument in normal populations or to reflect any specific theory of depression. Although the BDI is oftentimes used for screening in normal populations, it should be used with caution because high BDI scores do not necessarily indicated depression. This provides an indication of the level of intensity a patient’s depression is for the past week including the day of administration for clinicians.