Aaron Burr had been Vice President during the first administration of Thomas Jefferson. In the summer of 1804, Burr killed his rival Alexander Hamilton in a duel, an event that effectively ended Burr’s career in national politics. Three years later, he was on trial, charged with the capital crime of treason by the government headed by Jefferson, his former partner in political office. Presiding over the trial was John Marshall, Chief Justice of the United States. Finally, there was James Wilkinson, general of the army, once Burr’s associate and at trial his chief accuser. With these principal players, the trial in the U.S. Circuit Court at Richmond was as much high political and personal drama as it was a judicial proceeding
The Burr
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He continued to sound out potential backers for his military expedition. In western Pennsylvania, hoping to enlist the support of influential Colonel Morgan and his two sons, Burr made the fatal mistake of expressing plans which his host found shocking. Morgan wrote a letter to President Jefferson summarizing his conversation with Burr, setting in motion the effort that would eventually put an end to Burr's dreams and lead to his arrest and trial. (Linder, 2001)
In November a militia detachment caught up with Burr on the west bank of the Mississippi. Burr was handed a letter from the Governor of Mississippi demanding his surrender. He responded to the letter by denouncing Wilkinson whose "perfidious conduct" had "completely frustrated" his "projects.” The next day Burr met with the Governor who convinced him to surrender. A grand jury in Washington declared Burr "not guilty of any crime or misdemeanor against the United States." The jury went on to condemn the arrest, suggesting that it had given cause to "the enemies of our glorious Constitution to rejoice."(Landen, 2001) Once additional information about Burr's activities became known, a new warrant was issued for his arrest in mid-February. Burr was taken to Fort Stoddart for two weeks and then sent by a nine-man military guard on a one-thousand mile horseback trip to Richmond, where he would stand trial for treason.
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Chapter One: The Duel was a well-known duel in American history. Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton. July 11, 1804 is the exact date when the duel took place. It was presumed to have taken place in Weehawken, New Jersey; when in actuality, the duel really took place on a ledge above the water near Weehawken. This isolated spot was foolproof for illegal acts like this. Hamilton ends up dying because of Burr. Burr shot him from a distance. The bullet hit a rib and then ricocheted off into his spine mortally wounding Hamilton. Hamilton was the one that chose the position and the weapons for the duel, but the public thought that Burr killed him in cold blood. The public also started to call Burr the new Benedict Arnold. (Benedict Arnold was considered a traitor.) Burr was never harmed in the whole incident. Because everyone thought Burr was the initiator, he had to leave the city and this was the decline of his political power. Both of these men’s reputations were failing by 1804. Hamilton was appointed the first Secretary of Treasury under George Washington after the Revolutionary War. The Federalist Party was in decline and Hamilton did not hold office for approximately ten years. Burr lost the support
During the 18th Century America was dealing with independence from Europe and trying to establish them as a strong country. As far as government goes, a monarchal government was not in question. Many people saw great opportunity to step up and contribute ideas that will make America into the country of preference. One of these men was 3rd president and member of the original founding fathers, Thomas Jefferson. While most Americans view Thomas Jefferson as an upstanding and honorable man, he was plagued with the moral contradiction of having fathered children with one of his slaves Sally Heming’s and as a result spurred a great deal of controversy. As a result of his action’s Jefferson’s virtuous demeanor is questioned and shows how
The late 1700s and early 1800s was a critical time period in American history in which our newly independent nation was beginning to lay down the groundwork for how the country would run. During this time, America was in its infancy and its crucial first steps would dictate how the nation would either walk, run, or retreat. John Marshall, the fourth Chief Justice of the Unites States, was a highly important and influential political figure whose decisions forever molded the future of the American judicial system. Like many other great political figures, much of John Marshall’s influence can be attributed to timing; he emerged just as the United States Constitution came into existence.
In America’s time there have been many great men who have spent their lives creating this great country. Men such as George Washington, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson fit these roles. They are deemed America’s “founding fathers” and laid the support for the most powerful country in history. However, one more man deserves his name to be etched into this list. His name was John Marshall, who decided case after case during his role as Chief Justice that has left an everlasting mark on today’s judiciary, and even society itself. Through Cases such as Marbury v. Madison (1803) and McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) he established the Judicial Branch as an independent power. One case in particular, named Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), displayed his
David O. Stewart, by profession, is a lawyer with a resume that includes everything from arguing appeals at the Supreme Court level to serving as a law court to the acclaimed Junior Powell. But in writing The Summer of 1787: The Men Who Invented the Constitution (specifically, I read the First Simon & Schuster trade paperback edition May 2008, copyrighted in 2007), he uses that experience in law to prove himself a gifted storyteller. Two hundred sixty-four pages long, this United States history nonfiction book does indeed have the substance to engage the reader throughout. It has special features that include two appendices featuring the elector system and the actual constitution of 1787, author’s notes, suggested further reading, acknowledgments and an index (which escalate the total length of the book to three hundred forty-nine pages long).
This is an amazing book that the author, Joanne Freeman, focus on a constructive journey of providing a comprehensive re-examination of the political culture that was exhibited in the historical orientation of American. The text has revealed an overwhelmingly unstable and strange political world that is founded on the values of code of honor and this has been achieved by exploring different materials that had focused on both the private and public figures. Relevant information explored are from key figures found in the history of America, including Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, and Aaron Burr, which Freeman has utilized in building a strong argument on the subject of the
Each woman faced their own set of problems depending on their race, social class and gender. These same issues also allowed for them to excel as spies during the Civil War. Lincoln’s legacy is preserving the nation that his predecessors had created and maintained. The Confederacy was fighting to preserve the Southern way of life which depended upon slavery. The system of slavery was all that most of them knew and change can be frightening. In the end, the lack of industry was a major factor that killed the South’s possibility of victory. The South also was more conservative with new strategies and weaponry. This caused the South to fall behind in a period of immense technological development. Lincoln was praised for his new integration of the
The Bureau of Military Information (BMI), founded by General Hooker in 1863, was directed by George Sharpe. A vast collection of reports from the BMI were discovered at the National Archives in 1959 by Edwin Fishel. These reports disclosed that, in contrast to Pinkerton’s system, Sharpe’s unit used a host of sources in gathering intelligence, including cavalry, spies, balloonists, Signal Corps observers, scouts, and interrogations of prisoners and deserters. By merging the information gathered from all of his sources, Sharpe was able to provide Hooker with a comprehensive description of enemy standing. General Grant, who initially placed minimal importance upon intelligence gathering, came to view intelligence as a vital tool and depended upon Sharpe’s reports and the activity of the BMI to provide him with secret information. In fact, “the BMI became an integral part of Grant’s successful campaign to neutralize the Shenandoah Valley and to stretch Lee’s manpower to the brink of collapse.”
On July 11, 1804, a bullet from Aaron Burr’s pistol put an end to the life of Alexander Hamilton. However, it did not put an end to Hamilton’s vision for America. In 1806, a twenty-nine year old Kentuckian entered the U.S Senate and breathed life into Hamilton’s vision. His name was Henry Clay. For the next forty years, the man whom Abraham Lincoln called “My beau-ideal of a statesman” to natiously strove to implement a federal economic policy that closely followed
It is evident that Matthew Lyon’s criticism of President Adams and his various policies in his letter to the editor of Spooner’s Vermont Journal was very thoughtful and passionate. However, Lyon was also very careful in that he did not urge for a “civil war” – as Abigail Adams contended was a threat of such criticism – or encourage any violent rebellion against the President or the United States government. For instance, Lyon calmly explains that he would happily support an executive who is focused on the well-being of the people, but he cannot be the “humble advocate” of an executive who focuses more on power than the “public welfare.” Lyon gives many reasons why he cannot support such an executive; however, all of his reasons provided were legitimate, well-spoken, and entirely non-violent in that they did not imply or encourage any type of rebellion. For this reason, I believe Lyon’s criticism of President Adams does not rise to the threat level of a “civil war” or any other violent or dangerous threat that the Federalists so greatly feared would occur if individuals were able to continue speaking out against Adams and the government. I believe Lyon’s verdict ended up being guilty because the fear of sedition at the time was so great amongst Federalists that they found him guilty because he could inspire others and potentially incite a rebellion. Such a rebellion could cause a “civil war” that Federalists believed would be a threat to both the
On July 11, 1804, America tragically lost a founding forefather just after seven o’clock (Mintz and McNeil, The 1804 Duel Between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr 2015). In as little as the blink of an eye, Colonel Aaron Burr inequitably snuffed out the life of General Alexander Hamilton in a duel which was provoked by Burr. After many years of political dissention between Burr and Hamilton, it all came to an end when Burr buried a bullet in General Hamilton’s torso. Is Vice President Burr a murderer? Most decidedly so.
In this paper I am going to talk about how Henry Clay Frick was an important man to our history and some things that he contributed. Not only was he a successful industrialist, but an art patron and a philanthropist. He was one of the most important people that helped put Pittsburgh on the map.
For an examination of why religion - namely Catholicism – were sufficient grounds for the conviction of traitor, the high treason trials of Thomas More, John Story, William Parry and Edmund Campion will be used from Cobbett’s Complete State Trials. This is a collection of treason trials from the Middle Ages to 1815 and it was compiled by Thomas Bayly Howell. With William Cobbett, who was the proprietor, Howell arranged and provided a collection of the kind of information on criminal and constitutional cases that was left behind by previous editors. “Howell carried the work from the first volume (1809) to the twenty-first (1814).” However, it must be taken into account that Howell was not a contemporary of these trials, he was a lawyer and
On July 11, 1804, Vice President Aaron Burr mortally wounded Federalist Party leader Alexander Hamilton in a duel battle. Hamilton had made comment regarding Burr, stating that he believed his honor was offended and Burr had challenged him to a duel in which he was mortally wounded. Burr was indicted for Hamilton's murder in New York and New Jersey which resulted in him fleeing to Georgia. He would still however remain the President of the Senate during Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase's impeachment trial. The two Burr indictments were "quietly allowed to die [2]. For Jefferson this was a matter that his actions would be watched closely since he did not have a great relationship with Hamilton and his relationship with Burr. But the government ability to take the proper actions and prosecute Burr allowed Jefferson to have less involvement showing a true balance of powers. A balance of power in the government was something that the US was thriving had to acquire and the Burr conspiracy was one of the first real test. If the balance of power was not there a Jefferson alone had to act the matter it may have played out
Aaron Burr was the third Vice President of the United States and he was also charged with treason. During the trial, the judge founded the defendant not guilty of his crime he had committed. Burr was listed as a traitor towards his class which is one of the main reason on why he was charged with treason. He was also charged for murder since he was the person who killed Alexander Hamilton during a duel. Thomas Jefferson, who was president during this time, decided to seize Burr since he was always living on the edge of bankruptcy. Aaron Burr was also known as a womanizer since he married a 55-year-old widow at the age of 77. This widow who he had married was a prostitute and known as the richest woman in America. This marriage had only lasted a year and she sued him and filed for divorce at the same time. The reason she sued him was because he had tons of money and that is all she wanted from him. Burr has been the talk of many songs, plays, and sermons but he is viewed as a villain in these stories. In 1836 Aaron Burr had passed away which made a biography to written about his lifetime.