Aaron Ford

“The Black Studies Program: Strategy and Structure” was published Fall of 1972 in The Jounal of Negro Education. It’s contents are a relection on the years before when colleges and universitys were allowing African Americans to attend , but did not provide curriculum about or for African Americans.

HBCU’s: A Dying Yet Necessary Experience The United States of America often forgets that historically black colleges and universities were created out of necessity. It has only been a couple of decades since African Americans have been allowed to get degrees from predominantly white institutions. Millions of African Americans have given their blood, sweat, and tears in hopes of gaining basic rights like education to their descendants. America has come a long way within the past fifty years but there is still a disconnect when it comes to believing what the average African American can accomplish as an individual. When it comes to historically black colleges and universities there is still a stigma that the education is less rigorous and

For almost two hundred years, Historically Black Colleges and Universities or HBCUs have played a pivotal role in the education of African-American people, and negro people internationally. These schools have provided the majority of black college graduates at the Graduate and Post-Graduate level; schools such as Hampton University, Morehouse

The first main point the authors’ introduce is to recognize black males’ lived experiences. Black males have an experience unique to just them. Black men’s experiences of racism impact their education. They even face consequences for pursuing education. Those consequences could be social, educational, and economic. To understand these key issues, you must first look at the past. Black men have always had to overcome great obstacles. Low literacy, limited employment, high incarceration rates, have predisposed many black men to never being able to escape poverty. Further, being impoverished means a less chance that these men will go into higher education. Higher education is so expensive these days, and the underfunding of financial aid and other

Importance of Black Studies Over the course of the years that Black Studies has been a separate functioning entity, there have been different ideological and political reasons for why Black studies is needed in institutions of higher education. Scholars such as Nathan Hare, John Henrik Clark, John W. Blassingame and Devere E. Pentony have given their own varied rationales as to why they believe Black Studies is a necessity within these institutions; if it is even one at all. Each of these men have different opinions on this topic but they do share one similar perspective. The historical importance of black people should be taught and made a fundamental component of Black Studies because in institutions of higher education, where the populations are predominantly white, staying connected to the black culture can be difficult. Getting educated about it enables students to stay connected to their roots and use it to improve their future. Many black people grow up unaware of who they are and where they come from because in the current education system black people have been pushed to the side or spoken about very briefly. Students do not understand the struggles of African American people, so therefore having courses that educate them about the history of blacks, will spark understanding of black people as a whole and there might be a change in black and even possibly white communities.

For blacks, the history of higher education typically points to segregated education. Before the Civil War, the social system promoted the belief that blacks wouldn’t get return on their time spent in higher education. Brown and Ricard (2007) noted that most North institutions were reluctant to allow black enrollment in colleges and universities, and in the South, where slaveholder’s were still powerhouse businessmen, slaves would never be allowed to become more educated than their owners. The reluctance of the White leaders to allow blacks to formally be accepted into higher education programs held blacks back from achieving what many aspired to, and were fully capable of, experience.

These universities likewise have a great graduation rate in numerous remarkable fields securing the future achievement of these graduates. These foundations establish qualities and ethics into each one of their people, show them how to be effective, upstanding subjects, and transform them into remarkable good examples. Historical black universities and colleges help their people exceed expectations in their picked professions. These organizations were initially settled to allow African Americans to get further instruction and now it allows them to end up successful in the public eye too grasp their way of life and history. Keeping blacks on the road to improving their inner selves, HBCUS are Still critical. Black universities and colleges will dependably be important because they support the training, self-regard, and achievement of African Americans everywhere throughout the

When I started this phenomenal journey of researching, African-American professionals in higher education, I never realized that indeed there was truth in the obstacles, restrictions and biases in their way that must be overcome. In this research paper we will highlight and discuss some of the reasons that African- American professionals faces in higher education and some of the resources, that can be used to dismantle the indifferences. The progress has been slow in the academic arena for African-Americans in higher education. It has being over two decades from 1980 to 2003 African Americans make up only 4.3% of full time faculty in Americans universities and since 2003 it as only gone up by 1.2%. Progression toward a goal to dismantle obstacles to academe life for African- American professionals is the only way to winning the battle in education (Schwarz et al 2010).

Triggering Your Future As we asked before who has the right to think? And as we all answered, everyone has the right to think; so now think about this: Knowledge, Power, and Race. If black studies is the epistemology of studying black people in the world- such as their history, culture,

All aspects of life in the 1930s became difficult when the Great Depression began. One of these aspects was school. In the 1930s, schools were separate, but supposedly still equal. Unfortunately, this idea did not match the reality of life at the time. Though the school wasn’t especially great for

African American studies, which can be seen as the first Ethnic Studies to be introduced in Academia has several values that they want to embody. Originally, African American studies was a grassroots student-led response to institutional racism in Higher Education. These students in the 60’s felt that African Americans’ narrative was not vocalized in Higher Education curriculum (115). Nathan Huggins would also include that African American Studies was indirectly fighting for social justice (116). Robert L Harris would argue that African American Studies can be traced back even further to the 1890’s when people were researching the Black Culture, but he would ultimately agree that African American Studies formerly became part of the Higher Education institution around 1960’s/70’s. African American Studies focused on the struggles between black-nationalism

With regular stores, passed season merchandises are usually markdown generally from 50 to 60 percent. However, typically with luxury brands, merchandises are barely or they don’t have markdowns at all. With luxury brands, like Tom Ford, their customer demand focused more about the quality and brand images rather than the price of products. Moreover, sales are not part of Tom Ford and many other luxury brands marketing strategy. Tom Ford is more about building the company brand image, reputation and the store awareness to their customers and consumers. Talking about Tom Ford for Neiman Marcus, there might be a low percentage of markdowns for products like shoes and sunglasses; and they typically generate around 10% or lower. However, instead of having heavily markdowns, the store usually has other

students turning out excellent graduates going on to their Ph.D.’s. There are over 28 percent of African-Americans with Ph.D.’s employed outside of their disciplines, recruiters at these universities say they cannot find qualified black candidates with their Ph.D.by not maintain their status quo these universities use these excuses to justify their hiring practices I believe that we will have equal opportunities but not talking and no action. Students must see and deserve diversity in higher education .Progression toward a goal to dismantle barriers to academe life for African-Americans professionals is only way to winning the battle (The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education

The African American community has almost always been targeted when it comes to not receiving a good education. A teacher of mine once said, “African American Students are not stupid. They are; however, followers. They follow what the trend is currently and that’s why there aren’t as many black children going to college because the majority are followers. You only get a few leaders from the crowd.” This spoke to me because I realized that schools had given up on African American students as a whole. Those few leaders weren’t even given a chance to lead. That’s why our society hands white children’s plans for a better education, They are already seen to succeed in the world while a black child is seen to destroy. African American children are restricted from getting a higher education because people stereotype and believe that they won’t go anywhere in life.

In an interview with African Americans who lived through the great depression, H.J. Williams recalls his education, “they’d teach us about agriculture… …But far as mechanical work and so on like that they wadn’t teaching nothing like that at that time” Racists believe that other races deserve less than their own. By learning only about agriculture, the African Americans would most of the time be underpaid farmers. The victims of racism will be given less chances to succeed and will almost certainly have to work harder to get anything. Another quote from H.J. Williams states “daddy wasn’t able to buy me school books and that’s when I dropped out of school. Didn’t go no further. I went as high as the 8th grade” The education system was made by white Americans for white Americans to succeed. African Americans were forced to drop out because the books cost too much, they cost too much because the parents of the African American children don’t make enough money, and they don’t make enough money because they got a poor education. It’s a loop, the victims of racism are being forced into poverty, and thus can’t contribute to the betterment of our community. The people who are victim to racism are going to have a much harder time completing college then a rich white kid. All those people who could’ve made revelations in medicine, industry or agriculture get passed by simply because of the color of their