Abnormality In Children

1. Your uncle consumes a quart of whiskey per day; he has trouble remembering the names of those around him.

People with a family history of a disease are more likely to get it. But, this is not always the case. Some people without any history of disorder in their family can still be at risk as well. Family history gives an idea if a person is more likely to get common disorders, including: heart disease, high blood pressure, strokes, cancers, and diabetes. Less common mutations on a single gene, like cystic fibrosis, can also be evaluated given a person’s family history (Inheriting Genetic Conditions 1). If natural selection is taken out of the equation for people that have diseases, then these genetic abnormalities get passed on. “Survival of the fittest” has always been the motto for Mother Nature. When medicine can cure or sustain a younger sick people’s lives for longer than biologically natural, they have an opportunity to reproduce. Reproduction for people with genetic diseases has possible negative consequences. The diseased individual passes on their mutated genetics to their offspring, who in turn pass it on to their offspring, and so on. Now, more humans have genetic problems than in the past. Down syndrome is a

an affected gene, and a normal gene, and being a disease carrier like their parents. Scientists

Many people are affected by genetic disorders every day. Abnormalities in one’s DNA are what cause a genetic disorder. These disorders could be as little as a mutation in a single gene. In another case, they could be as severe as having an extra chromosome, or taking away a chromosome.

From the time autism was identified in the 1940s, several theories have tried to explain its etiology. The earliest theories proposed as origin of autism was framed in the context of the early psychiatric models in the 1940’s, and believed that autism was “an acquired condition associated with children raised by cold, emotionally-distant mothers” (Schaefer, ***). Another early hypothesis proposed as being a risk for developing autistic disorder was the use of the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine or the preservative thimerosal, but this hypothesis has been disproved (Anagnostou, Zwaigenbaum…., pg 510). It is now known that autism is a condition with a strong genetic basis, with more than 80% heritability (Meng-chang pg 903), but just like almost every medical condition known to man, it has several genetic and environmental risk factors. As mentioned earlier, autistic disorder is 4.5 times more common in males than females, which

Research also shows that "Autism risk also increases in children born to older parents (“Autism Spectrum Disorder” 2).” Personally, there is a couple that goes to church with me and they are in their late thirties or early forties and they have a child that was diagnosed young with autistic spectrum disorder. There are many families where more than one child has a diagnosis, or several members have very high autistic traits (“Genetics of autism spectrum disorder” 2). These families would be classified as the multiplex families (“Genetics of autism spectrum disorder” 2). “It is believed that there are specific genetic variations, passed down through generations that might underlie the increased incidence of Autistic Spectrum disorder in these families (“Genetics of autism spectrum disorder” 2).”

Human genetics can play a major role in determining ones physical condition. One slight change in a genetic sequence can cause a disorder that can be life threating to the organism. Most of the genetic disorders are caused by recessive allele. In most cases this recessive allele is undetectable due to the disorder not being presented in the physical appearance. Hypercholesterolemia is an example of a human disorder controlled by a single gene. This human disorder causes high levels of cholesterol in an individual due to the absence of the low-density lipoproteins.

A genetic disorder is a mutation in an organisms DNA. It is caused by a change in the sequencing of the nucleotides that make up a specific gene. The genetic disorder can be inherited by offspring, but it may or may not show in the offspring depending on whether the genetic disorder is a dominate or recessive allele. There are many genetic disorders that humans develop and inherit. Some disorders cause improvements within the human species while others cause severe retardation of the human species. In this paper, the genetic disorder Angelman Syndrome will be discussed.

The older the father is, the higher the chance that the child could be autistic. A common misconception is that autism spectrum disorder is caused by vaccines, it is not.

This is a great concern because autism rate have been increasing in the society without any tangible facts that can explain the causes. Some researchers have show a number of genes associated with autism and Imaging studies of children with autism have discover some strange development of regions of the brain. This means that autism might result from disruptions in normal brain growth in early development. These disruptions may affect how cells of the brain communicate with each other and result to defects in genes that regulate and control brain development. Studies show that autism disorder is more rampant among the premature children. Environmental factors may have impact in defect gene and brain development, but there is no real evidence to prove and show that environmental involve in development of this disorder. Many studies have made it clear that vaccination for childhood infectious diseases does not contribute the risk of autism in the

Rahbar, M. H., Samms-Vaughan, M., Loveland, K. A., Pearson, D. A., Bressler, J., Chen, Z., … Boerwinkle, E. (2012). Maternal and paternal age are jointly associated with childhood autism in Jamaica. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(9). 1928-1938. doi:

Genetic mutations are lifelong variances in DNA sequences. The majority of disease-causing gene mutations are unusual in the overall population. The two major classifications of gene mutations are germinal and somatic mutations. Germinal mutations are immediately inherited from a parent, and they will affect every single cell. If the DNA from the sperm or egg cell contains a mutation, the resulting fertilized egg also inherits the mutation. Somatic mutations occur by environmental factors or when an error appears during DNA replication. Unlike germinal mutations, a somatic mutation only affects the mutated cells. Mutations typically have a negative connotation; however, they are not always harmful,

Children born to older parents are at greater risk for genetic abnormalities, such as Down syndrome. No one knows what causes the chromosomal abnormality that results in Down syndrome, a condition according to the National Association for Down syndrome, affects one in 800 to 1,000 babies in the United States. Any woman regardless of her culture, race and socio-economic status can have a baby with Down syndrome. However, a mother’ age seems to be a unifying factor among children with Down syndrome. Older women have a greater chance of giving birth to a baby with Down syndrome, and the risks increases with every passing year. The National Association for Down syndrome estimates the chance of

Research on the autism spectrum disorder has shown that genetics, metabolic, neurological and environment play a hugely important role factor. Research studies are showing that some people are genetically susceptible to develop the condition that may be passed on from the parents to the child. Researchers are starting to look at particular genes that may be the increased risk for autism spectrum disorder. Scans have revealed that children on the autism spectrum have certain abnormalities in several areas of the brain's structure and chemical function. Researchers also show that the autism spectrum disorder results from the disruption of early brain development while still the child is still developing during pregnancy. Also, there are many prenatal factors that may contribute to a child’s development. Researchers are currently researching multiple environmental factors that are thought to play a high role in the autism spectrum disorder. In 2010, there were many studies conducted to try to determine if vaccines cause the autism spectrum disorder. With very strong evidence has been shown that vaccines do not cause or there no link in receiving vaccines and developing autism spectrum disorder (Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,

Positives include a higher education, which usually protects an individual from unemployment problems and secures financial stability. As well as this, older first time mothers are usually in a long standing relationship or marriage which offers further stability, they are also far more mature and therefore are seen as competent and capable parents in the eyes of society. However, whilst there are psychological and social factors that benefit a mother waiting to have their first child, there are increased health problems associated with waiting too long. These include infertility, pregnancy complications, miscarriage, stillbirth, birth complications and birth defects (Garner & Bushnik, 2008). One birth defect common to older first time parents is that of autism. A Denmark study found that if either parent was older or both were older they had a higher chance of conceiving a child with autism than that of younger parents. It was speculated but not proven, that this is caused by spontaneous genomic alterations, which are more common to happen in older parents (Parner, Baron-Cohen, Lauritsen, Jorgensen, Schieve, Yeargin-Allsopp & Obel, 2012). Studies have also suggested that first time mothers of an older age do not receive as much support from those around them, as they are perceived as having had previous children and therefore knowing what to do (McMahon, Boivin, Gibson, Fisher,