Abolitionism and William Wells Brown

On October 16, 1859 John Brown led a group of men to Harper’s Ferry, Virginia and raided the Federal arsenal. Brown wanted to create an army of African-Americans that would in the end help release black slaves in the Southern states. Brown and his men manage to capture the arsenal but the town people of Harper’s Ferry surrounded the buildings and trapped Brown and his men. Brown had intended to steal the government’s weapons and start a rebellion on slavery in the south. Brown’s attempt to start an abolitionist movement caused the Southerners to believe that the North was in favor of the movement and helped start the Civil War between the North and

He proposed more than a dozen pieces of legislation that would have allowed immediate or gradual liberation of the slaves, none of which was accepted. Despite supporting individual liberty Thomas Jefferson owned hundreds of slaves during his entire life and only freed a handful of them in his will. While contemporaries, like George Washington, released their slaves, Thomas Jefferson kept his despite understanding that slavery is wrong. In his early years Jefferson considered numerous plans for enabling emancipation but later his views changed completely. In 1785 he published his only book, Notes on Virginia, where he wrote some of the ugliest remarks ever made about blacks, claiming that black people lacked qualities that made freedom

In 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe published the startlingly truthful and heart-wrenching novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin. She was angered by the new and stricter Fugitive Slave Law and created this novel, emphasizing the cruel separation of families in order to inflame the North. She owed the creation of it to God and said “her anti-slavery sentiments lay in the evangelical religious crusades of the Second Great Awakening.” Stowe’s novel sold millions of copies, transformed into plays and opened the eyes of American people, to the injustice of slavery. Arguably, this novel even helped the North win the Civil War: It was read by a profuse amount of youth in the 1850’s who would inspired to fight because what Uncle Tom’s Cabin portrayed. Additionally, it was an impetus for people up North to not enforce the Fugitive Slave Law. Five years later to when this novel was published Hinton Helper’s novel, The Impending Crisis of the South made its debut. Helper was a non-aristocratic white in the South and his novel utilized statistics in order to help prove that the non-slaveholding whites were the real victims of the Peculiar Institution. This novel was banned from the South, however countless copies were sold in the North. This novel, as did its former, reduced the South’s ability to live under the same roof as their anti-slavery brothers up North.

The second reason John Brown is a terrorist is because he had a raid at the Pottawatomie Creek in Kansas. He killed pro slave people clearly because he did not agree with their views on slavery, but is that a truly a justifiable reason to take another mans life? John Brown had the right mind to abolish slavery, but there could have been a better way, like protesting to the point not even the government can refuse since the people are a, “Great beast”, as said by Alexander Hamilton.

The philosophies of Thomas Jefferson are often at odds with one another. On one hand, he looks to enlightenment ideals and writes of natural rights and equalities for all men in his drafting of the Declaration of Independence (more on Jefferson’s and the Enlightenment can be found here). He also proposes legislature that prohibits the spread of slavery to new states. However, his role as a slave owner contradicts his philosophy on liberty in a profound way. His book Notes on the State of Virginia represents the depth of his thought against black people as an equal race to whites, and he includes a breakdown for the reasons that he believes integration is not a viable alternative to the problem of slavery (the full content can be read half way down the page here). Then, there are the facts surrounding his personal relationship with his slave, Sally Hemings and the children he fathered with her. This contradiction of attitude and philosophy is directly related to Jefferson’s cultural influences having grown up surrounded by slavery as an acceptable way of life. He ultimately falls back on society’s view of black people as inferior to justify his way of life, and calm his fears of the possible violent ramifications of emancipating his slaves (this is a reference to slave revolts). For more on this topic see my complete work here.

Abraham Lincoln is quoted as saying, “So you’re the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war.” upon meeting Harriet Beecher Stowe for the first time. The book that the former president is referring to is Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a 1850s book about the moral wrongs of slavery. It has been said to be the most influential anti-slavery book that has ever been written. Harriet Beecher Stowe is an effective author. She uses numerous literary devices such as facile characters, character foils, and symbolism to highlight her abolitionist views and constructs a persuasive argument against slavery.

John Brown’s beliefs about slavery and activities to destroy it hardly represented the mainstream of northern society in the years leading up to the Civil War. This rather unique man, however, took a leading role in propelling the nation toward secession and conflict. Many events influenced Brown’s views on slavery from an early age. When he was older, his strong anti-slavery feelings had grown, and he became an extreme abolitionist. His raid on Harpers Ferry was one of the first monumental events leading up to the civil war.

When Harriet Beecher Stowe published her book, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, in 1852, the Southerners reacted by defending their way of life. They claimed that Stowe was exaggerating, and that the way they were portrayed in the book was false. “Didn’t I pay down twelve hundred dollars, cash, for all there is inside yer old cussed blackshell? An’t yer mine now body and soul?... we’ll see-we’ll see!... give this dog such a breakin’ in as he won’t get over this month!” (Doc C). Over 300,000 copies were sold in the first year of circulation, proving to be the most popular book in the 19th century. Abraham Lincoln greeted Stowe, the first time they met in 1862, by saying there is “the little women who wrote the book that made this great war.” Uncle Tom’s Cabin unveiled all the details that the South tried to cover up, and just added fuel to the abolitionist’s claims and protest.

Many historians and American alike tend to encircle the Founding Fathers of this nation in a shield of untouchable morality. With Thomas Jefferson, there is a particularly strong need for him to be seen as a man of outstanding character. However, Jefferson’s personally life has long been plagued with stories of controversy, particularly his intimate life involving one of his slaves, Sarah, or Sally, Hemings. By examining the relationships of Thomas Jefferson, with strong attention to the Hemings family, it becomes clear that his intimate life is one of America’s greatest historical scandals.

Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote a book called Uncle Tom’s Cabin, which brought up the horrible aspects of slavery into many Americans minds. She brought up many horrifying points about slavery and it is said to have inspired Northern abolitionists to protest against the Fugitive Slave act.

Thomas Jefferson was a brilliant politician and intellectual who had a major impact on the revolution of the colonists to gain freedom from the British. However, was he also a hypocrite? Historians revealed that Jefferson, like many other white men at the time, owned slaves at his home estate. In a letter from Benjamin Banneker, the son of former slaves, Jefferson is argued against about the injustice of owning slaves and the freedoms he possesses that enslaved people are unable to receive. Throughout the letter to Jefferson, Banneker uses the rhetorical strategies diction, syntax, and figures of speech to convey his attitude and tone towards slavery and send the message that all men should be treated equally.

Thomas Jefferson viewed African Americans as inferior to the whites in the endowments both of body and mind. He wrote that maintaining slavery resembled holding "a wolf by the ear, and we can neither hold him, nor safely let him go." Jefferson cherished the federal union, which launched his fears about the preservation of republican society in regard to African Americans, he feared that the world's first democratic experiment would be destroyed by slavery. Jefferson thought that the emancipation of slaves on American soil would result in a large-scale race war that would be as brutal and deadly as the slave revolt in Haiti in 1791. But he also believed that to keep slaves in bondage, with part of America in favor of abolition and part of America in favor of perpetuating slavery, could only result in a civil war that would destroy the union.

     Published in the early 1850’s, Uncle Tom’s Cabin had a huge impact on our nation and contributed to the tension over slavery. It was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, a woman who was involved in religious and feminist causes. Stowe’s influence on the northern states was remarkable. Her fictional novel about slave life of her current time has been thought to be one of the main things that led up to the Civil War. The purpose of writing it, as is often said, was to expose the evils of slavery to the North where many were unaware of just what went on in the rest of the country. The book was remarkably successful and sold 300,000 copies by the end of its first year. It is even rumored that

The novel Uncle Tom's Cabin was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe and published in the United States in 1852. The novel depicted slavery as a moral evil and was the cause of much controversy at the time and long after. Uncle Tom's Cabin outraged the South and received praise in the North. The publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin was a major turning point for the United States which helped bring about the Civil War.

In the novel Clotel or The President’s Daughter, Williams Wells Brown’s use of irony as Europe, particularly France, as a pivotal setting for the liberation of African Americans from the bondage of slavery, by virtue of its political and social demeanor, contrasted from the United States of America. In the Letter Exchange between Benjamin Banneker and Thomas Jefferson, Banneker’s letter reinforces the situational irony when he argues, “Sir, suffer me to recall to your mind that time in which the arms and tyranny of the British crown were exerted with every powerful effort in order to reduce you to a state of servitude” (253). Thus, this citation reminds Jefferson of his and his country’s origin. The Letters of Exchange and scenes from the novel dramatize the oppression of enslaved African Americans while acknowledging the irony by assessing the persisting gap between America’s founding principles and the ruthless existence of slavery.