Abstract. Objectives: To Highlight The Importance Of Cord

researchers stated that SIDS babies probably have a defect in the brain neurochemicals that usually operate the protective responses to changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.(IntelliHealth 3)

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome remains the leading cause of post-neonatal mortality (under the age of one) in developed countries. The causes of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome have been puzzling and research is being conducted to solve this catastrophic problem. Having a child under the age of one makes me very concerned, along with any other parent(s), that the possibility of SIDS could affect any infant at anytime, SIDS does not discriminate. I am seeking to find the possible causes to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome so in the future deaths could be avoided.

As I stated in the abstract, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is the unexpected death of a healthy infant in its sleep usually under the age of one. It is also known as “crib death” because the death usually occurs in the crib. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome claims the lives of approximately 2,500 infants each year. The majority of SIDS deaths occur between 2 and 4 month year olds. The cause of SIDS is usually known and there are a number of causes. Causes of SIDS include: smoking or drinking during pregnancy, inadequate prenatal responsibility, prematurity, inexperienced mothers, smoking near or around the baby, enormous amounts of heating from blankets or pajamas, and placing a baby on its stomach (Floyd R. Livingston Jr., MD. Sudden Infant Death

Within the foetus, embryonic nerve cells grow exponentially, then migrate to their destinations and develop into a vast collection of distinctive neuronal cell categories unique to their specific function. In prearranged patterns, the cells later form networks with other brain cells. The metabolic process of alcohol instigates makes the cells vulnerable to cell damage by free radicals (harmful substances). Research has suggested that “free radical damage can kill sensitive populations of brain cells at critical times of development in the first trimester of pregnancy (Cartwright, M.M).” Additional experiments have suggested that the third trimester is a particularly susceptible stage for damage to brain cells linked to FASD. The metabolic breakdown of alcohol interferes with brain development through the alteration of the function or production of natural regulatory substances that assist in the promotion of the differentiation and orderly growth of

The cause of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been poorly understood for years. The definition of sudden infant death syndrome is “the sudden death of an infant less than one year of age that cannot be explained following a thorough investigation”. To better understand the cause, and to predict those at risk, researchers are studying the brain tissue of infants that have passed away from SIDS. Identifying the cause could lead to prevention strategies.

One of the most controversial behaviours parents can do is adjust the babies sleeping environment. There have been multiple arguments on this topic; however, research has shown that a babies sleeping environment can impact their sleeping safety tremendously. Some safety precautions all care givers can do is: placing the baby on their back to sleep, keeping the crib clean and clear of any toys or pillows, don’t overheat the baby with clothes or blankets instead try a sleeping sack, and lastly allow the baby to sleep in the caregivers room for the first six months or until the infant is capable of rolling over on their own. Another way to help prevent SIDS is by using a pacifier. Strangely enough, pacifiers can reduce the risk of SIDS due to the fact that they help prevent a baby from going into a deep sleep. Though, caregivers need to take precaution when doing this if an infant is breast feeding as they should not be introduced to pacifiers until they are nursing well. Consequently, one of the easiest ways to prevent SIDS is to not ignore sicknesses, especially respiratory related issues. In the first year of an infant’s life something as simple as a cough or old can impact them greatly. By taking an infant to a clinic, doctor, or even the emergency room as soon as any signs of sickness strike could save their life. Ultimately, there is no guaranteed that these precautions will work and unfortunately SIDS does happen. Despite that, there are multiple ways for caregivers to cope with this

Sometimes a baby who seems healthy passes away during sleep. No parent wants to wake up and find their infant not breathing. Sudden Infant Death disorder (SIDS) is one of the leading causes for death among newborn children one month to one year of age. Taking the lives of around 2,500 Infants every year in the United States. An extra 3,500 babies pass on every year from different reasons for sudden and surprising newborn child demise (SUID, or, suffocation). Sudden infant death is a tragic event for any parent or caregiver, and is no one's fault. SIDS can happen even when everything done right.

SIDS is a symptom that refers to the sudden death of infants in their sleep. This symptom is usually seen in infants twelve months and younger. The exact cause of this syndrome is unknown, however, there are certain factors that through research have shown to have a contribution to the cause of sudden death among young infants. These factors may include co-sleeping, which is defined as an infant sharing sleeping surface with one or more adults. Maternal smoking and alcohol consumption are also factors that can contribute to sudden infant deaths as well as prone sleeping, the act of placing an infant to sleep face down (Knight, Webster, Kemp, & Comino, 2013). The rate of SIDS has dropped over time due to the rise of awareness of the factors that may cause this syndrome which have been discovered through numerous studies (Knight, et. al., 2013).

SIDS, also known as crib death, continues to be the number 1 killer of children age one month to 1 year in the United States; however, most SIDS related deaths typically occur within the 1-4 month age range. The Mayo Clinic (2017), defines Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) as the unexplained death, usually during sleep, of a seemingly healthy baby less than a year old. Although there is no definite etiology of SIDS, several risk factors have been identified.

As I stated in the abstract, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is the unexpected death of a healthy infant in its sleep usually under the age of one. It is also known as “crib death” because the death usually occurs in the crib. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome claims the lives of approximately 2,500 infants each year. The majority of SIDS deaths occur between 2 and 4 month year olds. The cause of SIDS is unknown in infants under one, but for infants over the age of one, there is a cause. A few of the causes of SIDS include: smoking or drinking during pregnancy, inadequate prenatal responsibility, prematurity, inexperienced mothers, smoking near or around the baby, enormous amounts of heating from blankets or pajamas, and placing a baby on its stomach (Floyd R. Livingston Jr., MD. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. KidsHealth. 2014. Web).

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, also known as SIDS, is known as the number one cause of infant deaths between the ages of 1 month and 1 year. It is defined as sudden death of a young child, and the death seems to be for no apparent reason. It is still unknown why this happens but things that are known to cause it are, exposure to smoke, overheating, having soft bedding, and the way the baby is positioned when they are set to sleep (Moon, 2007). It is a problem that is known to happen just to this specific life stage. But, it is now known that the number or incidents of SIDS have reduced significantly over the past 10 years. One of the biggest decreases that happened where from 1995-2006, rates seemed to be decreasing an average of 3.6% a year, and in total decreased 33%. Since 2006 rates have stabled and seem to be at the lowest point. Many believe that the new low rate has been the increase of smoke free homes and the use of the supine sleep position use for babies (Behm,8).

Herpes simplex virus encephalitis(HSVE) can occur at second or third trimester of pregnancy and I also learn from this paper that this infection can also occur in postpartum period without common symptoms like fever and headache. The physiological immunosuppression during pregnancy and weak natural-killer cell cytotoxicity in late pregnancy are indicated as the factors for herpes simplex virus type 1 infections in postpartum period. The studies show that as the time between the onset of the symptoms and the treatment is prolonged, the morbidity and mortality rates increase. The symptoms of HSVE are fever, headache, focal edema, necrosis, aphasia, stupor, motor weakness, generalized seizure, coma, and hemorrhage in temporal and frontal lobes. This case paper review focuses on the basic functions and roles of herpes simplex virus gene products and reviews the current knowledge of medical applications of genetically engineered HSV mutants using different strategies and also allowed the development of potential therapeutic agents and vectors for human

Although not labeled for use in patients under the age of 18 years, recently it has been introduced into the NICU setting for procedural use, as well as short-term sedation. There are no structured reviews on the efficacy and safety profile of dexmedetomidine; however, animal studies have documented its potential neuroprotective effects and minimal respiratory side effects. A study out of Berlin examined the neuroprotective features of dexmedetomidine in reducing the detrimental effects of oxygen toxicity. Following single doses of dexmedetomidine at various concentrations, six-day old rats in the treatment group were exposed to 80% fiO2 for 24 hrs. Hyperoxia-exposed rats receiving dexmedetomidine pretreatment with a 10 mcg/kg dose one time were found to have significantly reduced hyperoxia-induced neurodegeneration in various brain regions (p<0.001). Hyperoxia-exposed rates receiving dexmedetomidine pretreatment in single dosages of 5 mcg/kg and 10 mcg/kg had significantly decreased expression of IL-1beta protein expression than controls exposed to hyperoxia without pretreatment (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectfully). Although these neuroprotective findings were found in hyperoxia-exposed rats, it was noted that the normoxia-exposed control group had significantly increased percentage of cells stained positive for DNA strand breakage when pretreated with one dose 10 mcg/kg dexmedetomidine (p<0.001), raising concerns for varying safety profiles in different

Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy is a serious brain injury that results from an inadequate flow of oxygenated blood to an infant’s brain. It is most common in full-term infants.

Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in infants and children. The most important consequences of neonatal HI is epilepsy. Epilepsy is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by recurrent of unprovoked seizures due to hyperexcitability and hypersynchrony of neuronal activity. Recent studies uncovered important molecular and cellular aspects of HI brain injury that may provide therapeutic target for intervening in the epileptogenesis in the developing brain. In our experiment approaches, we administrate RAGE antagonist to protect brain tissue from the effect of HI induced and inhibit apoptotic pathway and downstream products, including IL-6. Most importantly, the specific interaction between S100B