Abstract:. This Experiment Was Conducted To Find The Absorbance

Enzymes are biological molecules which act in aim to increase the rate of chemical reactions, achieved by lowering the activation rate for the enzyme to react with substrates to produce one of more products. Using a multi-step enzymatic reaction, we will be able to determine the concentration of glucose in both coke and Gatorade (Laboratory Manuel 2017) which will be done using a spectrophotometer. This is a method measuring both how much of a chemical substance is absorbed and the intensity of the light passing through the sample solution. (Vo, K. (2015). This also measures the concentration of NADPH which is a co-enzyme assisting the reaction which followed by spectrophotometry rely on different absorbance forms either oxidised or reduced, NAD+/NADH/NADP+/NADPH. NADPH responds well to a wavelength of 340nm and the glucose concentration will be determined by a certain reaction sequence linking to the appearance of NADPH. (Laboratory Manuel 2017)

The ending result of this experiment confirms that as five test tubes are lined up with the varying level of absorbance, different results in the level of absorbance will appear as well, this is visible in above table. Thus, this is due to the varying amount of water in the solution. The blank sample had a 0.30 in its level of absorbance.

Graph 2 represents that patient A has a much lower initial glucose concentration than patient B. The glucose concentration of patient A reached its maximum in the first 30 minutes, this is due to the quick release of insulin from the body. Whereas, patient B had a slower reaction to releasing insulin which allowed for longer time to be taken for glucose concentration to reach its maximum. The sudden decrease of the glucose concentration in patient A displays the conversion of glucose molecules being stored as energy. In comparison, the gradual change of the slope show that as patient B releases small amount of insulin, it takes more time for glucose molecules to be converted as energy. It can be concluded that patient B has diabetes as the

The dark, navy blue colored graph represented the absorbance curve for the S1 sample. The red colored graph represented the absorbance curve for the S2 sample. The green colored graph represented the absorbance curve for the P1 sample. The purple colored graph represented the absorbance curve for the P2 sample. The gaps between the P2 curve was due to the oversaturation that led to the inconclusive spectrophotometer readings. The blue colored graph represented the absorbance curve for the P1 low salt sample. The orange colored graph represented the absorbance curve for the P2 low salt sample. The light blue colored graph represented the absorbance curve for the P1 medium salt sample. The light pink colored graph represented the absorbance curve for the P2 medium salt sample. The light green colored graph represented the absorbance curve for the P1 high salt sample. The light purple colored graph represented the absorbance curve for the P2 high salt

From the graph, it can be concluded that student 4 is diabetic. After the administration of a standard dose of glucose, this student seems to have a very similar plasma glucose concentration (PGC) to that of a diabetic from the population average glucose tolerance test. After 30 minutes, the plasma glucose concentration of student 4 seems to be higher than that of a diabetic, as it’s 14.2mmol/l, however it slowly decreases overtime but remains relatively high at 120 minutes.

6. When was plasma insulin/glucagon concentration lowest? If values are similar for several time points, then give range of times

Abstract: This lab was developed to investigate blood glucose and diabetes. Diabetes is a lifelong chronic disease in which there are high levels of sugar in the blood (Diabetes). The spectrophotometer was applied to this lab to determine the absorbance of blood glucose in diabetic and non-diabetic blood samples. In order to prove this, tests were conducted by taking the blood samples at different times right before a meal was eaten then 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the meal. The 6 test tubes had been placed in the spectrophotometer to measure the absorbance of blood glucose in the diabetic and non-diabetic blood. It was hypothesized that people with diabetes will absorb more

Lactose and sucrose tests were done, which are very similar to the glucose test. The only difference is the 1% carbohydrate in the medium. For sucrose, the medium contained sucrose. For lactose, the medium contained lactose. Both of the test tubes resulted in a K result. There was no color change to yellow or any gas produced in the inverted test tube. The color did change to an unusual bright pink, but it did not turn yellow like it would have in the presence of acid.

A descriptive statistic, including frequency, means and standard deviation were used to summarize BG results. Repeated measures model were used to evaluate differences in glucose measurements by the time-lapse

The absorbance obtained from the results of each test sample, then put into the equation of calibration curve in accordance with the respective raw substances, after which it would have obtained the value of molar absorptivitas. The molar absorptivitas results obtained are used in the determination of the percentage of the sample levels

As a result of the glucose test we are able to see that the glucose of

By measuring the two types of hemoglobin at various wavelength to calculate the absorbance that these two types of hemoglobin will express. For my hypothesis, I propose that the oxygenated hemoglobin would read a higher

There are many different procedures that can be taken for the diagnosis of diabetes. A series of light flashes, each at a different wavelength is used to excite various proteins in the eye, each according to a particular length and the proteins emit fluorescent light. The pattern of light emissions reflects the distribution of carious proteins, which changes according to various psychological conditions (Scientific American Medical 22). This new method is based on synchronous fluorescent spectrometry, which combines a detector with a light source to measure the intensity of light emitted by proteins in the eye from each wavelength shown into the eye. A computer then compares the patient's peaks and valleys of such measurements with corresponding spectra form normal and diabetic eyes. Any one of the following three tests shows the

The absorptions of these components at each of the two wavelengths are then determined by measuring the absorption levels of emitted wavelengths of light by two LEDs located within the pulse oximeter across from a photoreceptor that measures the variable intensity of each wavelength of light. This act of dividing the former AC component by the latter DC at each discrete wavelength also compensates for the fluctuations in incident light intensity to ultimately isolate the absorbance of both oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin by evaluating the maximum systolic blood change and results in an intermediate absorbance ratios akin to 〖AC〗_660/〖DC〗_660 and 〖AC〗_940/〖DC〗_940 . The final determination of oxygen saturation is then found by taking these two disparate absorbance ratios to find a similar ratio of deoxyhemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin by dividing the red light by the near-infrared, ultimately giving rise to the final ratio from which the level of oxygen saturation is derived: R=(〖AC〗_660⁄〖DC〗_660 )/(〖AC〗_940⁄〖DC〗_940

Our whole project is surrounded around blood glucose level changes due exercise and serving size, so that brings about the question of what is blood glucose? Blood glucose is the sugar that is moved throughout the bloodstream to provide energy to all cells in the body. In simple terms, it is very important biological occurrence that drives the body by giving it the raw energy to power all the body’s functions. To test for this occurrence, there are two main methods to test for the levels of blood glucose in the bloodstream. One method is having the blood drawn intravenously, getting blood drawn using a needle, and sending it to a lab to conduct the action. The other method that is much more convenient and less costly is using