Abuse In Hanya Yanagihara's A Little Life

Any victim of sexual abuse faces the chance of having their development impacted. This is especially true amongst children. Studies have proven that children who have been sexually abused by a female offender often have different developmental experiences (T.A. Gannon, 2008, p. 356). Mental illness is yet another impact that victims face. Many sexual abuse victims transpire into states of depression, rage, and suicide; they even have strained relationships with certain individuals (Denov, 2014, p.

The effects of childhood sexual abuse carry on with the children forever. To what extent and to what effect does abuse have on children during adulthood? What are the main issues that adults have been abused suffer from in adulthood? Do they have more of a physical issue with preforming with their partner in the bedroom or do they have more of a mental block due to their trauma? The world had been asking these questions for far too long and we need answers on how helping the children of our world. The questions that have been stated have been answered through the two articles that will be summarized below.

It has been observed that sexually abused children tend to be less socially competent, more aggressive, and more socially withdrawn than non-abused children. A specific interpersonal effect of sexual abuse among children is that of increased sexual behavior. This is prominent when we were

Sexual Abuse Can be in many forms and can include contact or non contact, sexual

Victims of sexual assault suffer from a wide variety of mental and emotional issues throughout their lives as a result of the experience. Results can range from depression, anger, feelings of loneliness, and difficulty when trying to formulate relationships of trust (Hyde 45). Victims experience a wide variety of psychological issues as a result of sexual crimes, which they will have to carry with them throughout their entire lives. Also, “Psychological problems can start later in life with changes in behavior- vague fears, feeling unprotected and helpless, nightmares, bedwetting, sleeping problems, fear to loss parents approval/love, need to please others, poor self esteem, anger, depression, withdrawal from activities, daydreaming, difficulty concentrating, behavior problems” (Hyde 47).

“This is the moment between before and after, the pivot point upon which story, like a plate, spins.” “pg.1” Jude hasn’t been the same since his little sister, Lily, drowned seven years ago when she was four. Jude was supposed to be watching her, but he was playing his videogames. He found her at the bottom. Since the accident, he keeps more to himself, he doesn’t tell a lot of people his feelings and he doesn’t let people into his heart. His mom has been a wreck but his father has picked himself up a bit and goes running to clear his head.

Being sexually abused is a very traumatizing experience, and this form of victimization at a young age only amplifies the situation. The mortifying nature of child sexual abuse often brings along with it changes in the victim's life. Some of the numerous short term effects (problems that impact them while they are still at a young

P1: Describe forms of abuse which may be experienced by adults. Provide 5 types of abuse (e.g. Physical, Psychological, Sexual, Financial, Neglect)

Two of the consequences of sexual abuse that interest me the most is posttraumatic stress disorder and repressed memory. PTSD is known as an anxiety disorder that occurs in response to experiencing extreme stress (McCoy & Keen, 2014). The rates of PTSD vary among the type of sexual abuse that has occurred (McCoy & Keen, 2014). Victims of sexual abuse usually have to deal with PTSD. They have flashbacks of the terrible indicants, could happen randomly or be triggered by anything. Since the triggers could happen any time, it could prevent the person from prevent the person from being able to move on, which could stop them from living a successful and happy life. Another consequence of sexual abuse is repressed memory. Repressed memory is when the brain forces unacceptable thoughts, desires or memories into the unconscious (McCoy & Keen, 2014). This is done so the brain can protect itself. It takes a lot of energy for the brain to hide these memories and they can reappear caused by a trigger (McCoy & Keen, 2014). It makes

Comparable to Noah and her father’s relationship, Jude and her mother are combative with one another. Jude despises the fact that their mother considers Noah to be the better artist, and that their mother fawns over his dream to get into California School of the Arts. She projects her anger into arguments and disobeys her mom out of rebellion. She wears to short of clothes out to parties and puts on heavy makeup to draw more attention to herself. In response to Jude’s desire for her mother’s love and acceptance, she seeks to fill the gap in other places. She befriends older boys, and mistakes their interest for love. “Does M. love me? No” (Nelson 80). She befriends ‘hornets’ that swarm around everyone to cause disorder. She befriends everyone except her brother, who was once her very best friend. ☺ I’ll Give You The Sun shows that love is fickle, and nothing can replace love from someone they want the most, no matter how hard one

Sex offender treatment programs target factors for sexual reoffending they include cognitive distortions and schemas, emotion dysregulation, deviant sexual behaivor, and deficities of interpersonal skills and empathy (Schaffer, Jeglic, Moster, & Wnuk, 2010).

Rasmussen, K. (2006, April). Sexually abusive children: Treatment recommendations from the literature and therapists. Retrieved March 17, 2008, from http://proquest.umi.com.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/pqdweb?index=2&sid=2&srchmode=1&vinst=PROD&fmt=6&startpage=.1&clientid=25164&vname=PQD&RQT=309&did=1144195101

According to Counseling Children “James and Burch (1999) suggest some activities that can be conducted in schools: 1. Prepare school personnel by teaching about normal sexual development, 2. Deliver an abuse prevention program at school that educated children to danger signs, prevention skills, and the importance of telling adults about abuse, 3. Develop a network of professionals to build skills in assessment and include child protection workers, other counselors, therapists, and agencies that diagnose and treat victims.” These are three activities listed that James and Burch suggested should be conducted in schools.

Wilson writes that survivors of sexual abuse state that they have several problems including reduced communication, less trust, and little satisfaction in their relationships (Wilson 60). She states that histories of the abuse impact the survivors’ relationships in a negative manner (Wilson 60).

Although some kinds of sexual behaviors are quite common among non-abused children (for example, kissing, touching genitals manually), sexually abused children tend to engage in a greater number of sexual behaviors than their non-abused peers, many of which are developmentally talented and seemingly imitative of adult sexual activity. Such behavior not only may result in interpersonal rejection or stigmatization by the victim 's peer environment, but also may lead to social sanctions and punishments when it escalates into the victimization of other children. As adults, survivors report a greater fear of both men and women. They are more likely to remain single and, once married, are more likely to divorce or separate from their spouses than are those without sexual abuse histories. Sexual abuse survivors typically report having fewer friends, less interpersonal trust, less satisfaction in their relationships, more maladaptive interpersonal patterns and greater discomfort, isolation, and interpersonal sensitivity. It is said that adults victimized as children may see themselves as unworthy of relationships with people they consider good or healthy, and that some victims may attempt to gain mastery over the abuse experience by recreating it in the form of involvement in poor or abusive relationships. In