Academic Racial Microaggressions

Lindsay Perez Huber and Daniel G. Solorzano " Racial microaggressions as a tool for critical race research.

President Clinton advisory board spoke of this very unawarness of microassult upon people of color "RAB (Race Advisory Board) advised that racism still remains to be the most divisive factor in the American society and that most white American are unaware of their racial discrimination tendencies towards the persons of color", a very true statement. The effects of racial microaggression in are education system goes beyound the indignits of sulrs in the education system and higher learning. In vewing fourteen African Amerians menand women equally and thier interactions with white collegues and the insults which are endured by thier white students(Chevella T. Pitttman 2012). I interviewed a black female prefessor in the community college to hear her view as a faculity member on all white facuality.

This paper serves as a personal reflection of the implication of racial microaggressions in daily life. Three journal articles and a book chapter are explored in an effort to obtain a greater understanding of the effects of racial microaggressions experienced by people of color and to bring light to how often racial microaggressions are committed by White Americans without notice or accompanied by attempts to explain away the offenses. The sources used provide examples of obvious acts of discrimination as well as subtle microaggressions which are often unconsciously or naively perpetrated and go on to offer recommendations for professional counselors in order to both provide a framework for helping clients of color to cope with encounters of microaggressions and highlight the need of awareness of possible racial microaggressions present during counselor-client interactions which may result in negative impacts on the therapeutic process. Racial microaggressions are broken down into subcategories of microassaults, microinsults, and microinvalidations, providing a deeper explanation of my own experiences with such discriminatory actions. This ultimately leads to a decision of continuation of training with a necessary focus on increasing mindfulness and field experiences in respect to the subject of racial microaggressive behaviors and attitudes.

Despite the prevalence of racial discrimination in higher education, not enough is known about Latina/o students’ experience with racial discrimination and racial microaggressions in higher education. The extant explorations of racial discrimination on university campuses have primarily focused on the experiences of White, African American and Asian American college students. The research that has examined Latina/o experiences of racial microaggressions in higher education has largely focused on non-HSIs. Consequently, it is imperative to understand the unique challenges of Latina/os in higher education, including how university racial climate and experiences with discrimination/oppression influence

Yosso, Smith, Ceja and Solórzano (2009) investigated the experiences of Latina/o undergraduate students who had encountered racial microaggressions and stated that their findings support the “further consideration about the cumulative effects of racial microaggressions and, in particular, how the debilitating race-based stress from racial battle fatigue hinders not only the academic achievements of Latina/o undergraduates but also their physical, emotional, and mental health” (Yosso, Smith, Ceja, & Solórzano, 2009, p.

This paper will discuss the racial microaggression how it has influenced the United States in the past decade. Then, describe the racial microaggression influence that affects the individual view. Next describe the community-level influence, impact of racial microaggression, and racial stereotypes are a major problem in our society. Then, discuss the research on racial microaggression is it a social condition that can arise as a result of the conformity of individuals within a society. Also, explain conformity, social, condition, and socially as well as, the attitudes and beliefs, norms, and implicit behaviors. However, discuss the culture in society along with the dynamics of subtle racial microaggression. Also, discuss the family structure facing racial microaggression. Furthermore, discuss the ethnic, racial microaggression with the racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of microaggression. For instance, discuss the different racial and ethnic group are unequal in power, resources, prestige, and presumed worth.

Microaggressions are committed constantly, among numerous people without them realizing it. I must say I am completely guilty of also playing part in this act. These acts are done constantly and no one understands the affects it has on people. Miller and Garran (2008) states, “Racial microaggressions are similar to aversive racism. They are “subtle, stunning, often automatic,” verbal and nonverbal putdowns and social assaults that wound people of color unbeknownst to the perpetrator” (p.97). This is what produces pain and anger inside countless of people. Many individuals need professional help in order to surpass the neglect they have been summited to.

The ideology of racial microaggressions has been around since the 1970s, you may not recognize any radicals, you think “I don’t hate black people, so I’m not racist”, still you benefit from discrimination. There are certain privileges and opportunities you have that you do not even realize since you have not been deprived in certain ways. Racial microaggressions are a category of perceived racism. They are more subtle and ambiguous than hostile or explicit languages of racism, such as racial discrimination (Rainey Lecture 2015). Microaggressions are daily verbal, visual, or environmental hostilities and mistreatment that occurs to individual’s culture, gender, and sexual orientation (Golash-Boza 2015). In America, I believe that racism still exists; it may not be as obvious as it may seem. Thus, it may even be more unintentional than it used to be, nevertheless; that is not an excuse to insult someone’s race or culture. I used to frequently get asked the question, “Where are you from?” and my answer would always be “I’m from Fullerton. I’m from California.” but they would always respond with “No, where are you really from?” As if I weren’t really from California. After reading the chapter I learned something called a microaggression.

In the article “Racial Microagressions in Everyday Life”, Derald Wing Sue and his colleagues highlight racial microagressions that occur in a therapeutic relationship. As defined in the article, microagressions are brief verbal, behavioral, or environmental actions that convey hostility, derogatory, or negativity towards a certain group of people. Microagressions can be subtle such as assuming an Asian American or Latin American is foreign born. It can also be obvious such as specifically going to an Asian person in a group of black and white students for help with a math or science problem. These actions can occur with or without intention of the person portraying the microagression.

The Latina/o students’ Coping with Racial Microaggressions theory is a theory grounded on participants’ experiences of racial microaggressions at a Hispanic Serving Institution. The theory is congruent with Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, due to the importance of appraisal in the context of coping with discrimination. Lazarus and Folkman noted that when encountered with a stressful event, individuals engage in primary and secondary appraisals of the event, and eventually engage in problem focused and emotion focused coping strategies. However, discrepant from Lazarus and Folkman’s model, the key component of the current theory is the extreme importance of context in the experience of discrimination and

Furthermore, the conceptual and methodological issues that remain to be addressed in the following: what concept of racial microaggression, why do racial microaggressions matter, and how can racial microaggression be better studied. With what concept of racial microaggression is micro-assaults which are more akin to conventional racism, they are conscious. While, they are explicit racial or derogatory actions that are intended to hurt. Whereas, the micro-insult is an unconscious communication that demeans a person from a minority group. Next, microinvalidation is where a white individual asserting to minorities that they do not see color or that we are all human beings. Although, racial microaggression may matter because they provide a framework for people of color to name the pain caused by the everyday racism so that it cannot be dismissed.

Focus groups are a popular method used to capture views and opinions for qualitative research.

The problem as identified in this essay is the issue of racial discrimination of African-American students within the school system. By African-American, this essay not only

The subject of race, within the field of sociology, can often be viewed as both a fluid concept and a cultural experience. Contrary to popular belief, race is not biological, but is a socially constructed category of people that share the same biological traits. Race can often change over time and is formed primarily by our personal views and the views of others. These can range from ethnicity to self-presentation and feelings of place within society. One example of the fluidity of race can be seen based upon the classification of the White or Caucasian race. In today’s culture, this race has been drastically increased to include a vast array of “white” individuals.

My focus group will be highschool and college students with an emphasis on those who are in the junior class of both institutions. I will take a small sample of each student group and the educators who are responsible for them. I intially planned on studying only highschool students but in my collection of