Acadians

     With the American offences being stopped, and heroic men coming forth, Canadian nationalism was on the rise. Since most of the war had been fought in Upper Canada, retaining of the vast majority was as much a moral victory as a material one. The end of the war brought significant immigration from the United States into Upper and Lower Canada. Canadians resented this because they still regarded Americans as the enemy. Being banded together in the War of 1812 forced the people of the Canadas to feel as though they were a unified nation. The English-speaking Canadians could better understand the French-speaking Canadians and vice

The next major issue was that of immigration which brought tens of millions of people from Europe. These people would be heading to the United States, Upper Canada or Lower Canada. When these immigrants came they would land in Quebec and with them they would bring disease that killed a large amount of French Canadians. This aggravated the French people because "they saw this as a plot of the English to get rid of the French Canadians". Adding to these problems was the establishment of the British America Land Company. This new land company was given over 500 acres of Lower Canada's prime land. The company would not allow French people to buy this land; only the English and Americans could purchase the land. The French people found it increasingly difficult to get land and the government wasn't doing anything about this. All of these problems lead to the assembly issuing the ninety-two resolutions that had two main points that were responsible government and control of money. The ruling English class didn't want the French people to gain this power because they wanted to French to remain oppressed and out of the upper class "The Chateau Clique in Lower Canada wanted to prevent the French from winning complete control over the government and English speaking people would be under the control of the French." The response to the ninety-two resolutions was the issuing of the ten resolutions from Britain that stated that there would be no

French, now saw themselves being controlled by the British in their journey west. Though the

Person 2: ”It was mostly economic. They wanted economic independence.” “They didn’t want to pay taxes or house the king’s troops”

The Proclamation of 1763 began a growing resentment for basically the same reason they were upset towards the Indians. In the Transcript of the Proclamation of 1763, it states, ” And We do further strictly enjoin and require all Persons whatever, who have either wilfully or inadvertently seated themselves upon any Lands within the Countries above described, or upon any other Lands, which, not having been ceded to, or purchased by Us, are still reserved to the said Indians as aforesaid, forthwith to remove themselves from such Settlements.”(King George III, 1763) If I was a colonist and I read this I would be like, “you are not my mom. I get your my King and have almost complete control over me, but you are not my mom and can’t tell me what to do.”, but then I would follow him in fear that I would get in trouble and be killed. King George III also writes. “And We do further declare it to be Our Royal Will and Pleasure, for the present as aforesaid, to reserve under Our Sovereignty, Protection, and Dominion, for the Use of the said Indians...We do hereby strictly forbid, on Pain of Our Displeasure, all Our loving Subjects from making any Purchases or Settlements whatever, or taking Possession of any of the Lands above reserved, without Our especial Leave and License for that Purpose first obtained.”(King George III,1763) The Colonists were probably mad for the same reason as they were upset. It’s kind of like the King saying, it’s our pleasure, like a mom saying to an aunt that their kid didn’t want to come over, to give this land. Also “Our loving Subjects” is also like a mom getting on to their kid being like “my Wonderful daughter”, but in code saying “you better behave”. But it wasn’t their pleasure and they were just saying that to get on the Indians good side, and the colonists knew that so they were getting more and more upset, until they eventually rebelled. The growing resentment between them started when this Proclamation was written and the colonists got so fed up that they eventually rebelled.

British empire was in control of Canada, “a deep and complex transformation.” (Calloway, 112) British empire envision North America with field of action while the French spent the next two decade revenging on their loss with the Seven Years’ War and Treaty of Paris. Even though the French did not succeed in North America, eventually they migrated towards large swaths of Canada, The Great Lakes, and Mississippi Valley using their social systems and culture to survive. “The Interior French”, (Calloway, 123) were French-Canadian who lived beyond the Great Lakes country. They had formed an alliance within the Indians and having a good reputation with dealing goods. Louisiana went to Spain eventually, a few French migrated to Louisiana as a Peace of Paris. More settlers were French in Louisiana during the Spanish era instead of the French. Louisiana changes hand in Paris a couple times in 1763.

Firstly, many groups of colonies worked in isolation because of different incentives. However during the War of 1812, the small communities from different locations of British North America united, securing relations. Prior to the war, many settlers in Upper Canada did not feel loyal to Great Britain. Some were United Empire Loyalists, who had arrived from the North after the American Revolution and believed that they would support and fight alongside with the Americans instead of British North America. Others were American and had felt no connection towards the Crown. But when the declaration for the war was given, both Upper and Lower Canada united and came together collectively to fight against a common enemy, for the sake of their land. The Montreal Gazette editor reports on the entire population of the city coming together to defend its frontier:

The colonist just won a hard fought war against the France and their allies, the Indians. After the war “the British government however, passed a law called the Proclamation of 1763, saying that these lands were to be reserved for the Indian Nations”(Document A). The colonist were outraged, many colonist died during this war. After the war they win all this land, and are told they are not allowed to settle on the land. Furthermore, Britain reserve it for the people they just fought the war against. The colonist kept a cool head and continued to logically request for this act to be annulled as stated in Document E “In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms.” When King George heard the colonist’s protest, he did absolutely nothing and let the colonist continue to live in a confined area. The colonist were, in a way,

The British and French colonies were struggling with colonial powers but the British conquered and rising tensions begun. The British colonies thought the land the Acadians inhabited important land to Great Britain’s colonial advancement. Therefore British needed to exile them as far away as possible. The deportation was seen as a

He was the first among the governors to establish a positive relationship with the people of Quebec, with the alteration of the orders given by the British government from overseas. After New France was captured the Proclamation of 1763 gave the governor power to establish an assembly, with an exception that Catholics were not allow to hold a position in public office or vote (which was the majority of the French population in New France at the time). James Murray was given the orders to change the law system, land holding system, and institutions to British versions by the British government. These orders would have changed French culture that had been established in New France. It was said that Murray “love[d] and admire[d] the Canadians” (Baille, 3) and he called them a “brave and valuable race” (Baille, 3). Instead Murray created a dual law system with French civil law and British Judicial law, and he did not establish the legislative assembly, as it would only be Englishmen participating and would offend the French. Murray didn’t carry out Britain’s orders, because he thought that it would upset the people of New France and that a war or rebellion could occur. If this were the case, New France would be vulnerable to other nations. Murray said that he could not “Witness to the Misery of a people I love and admire” (Chennells, 56), and was replaced by Sir Guy Carleton in

Because the Acadians did not sign the oath of allegiance which violated the oath they signed in 1727 their houses were taken and burned.This was not necessary because they had already signed the oath of neutrality and feed the soldiers with their crops.If the Acadians signed the oath of allegiance they would be in constant danger due to the fact Acadians rule constantly changes

The first reason why they shouldn’t sign the Oath of Allegiance is because they would have splitted up with their family. If you don’t sign the Oath of Allegiance they would still be with your family but they would get deported from Canada. If they do get deported from Canada, they will still be with their family and find different land, which would be hard. If you don’t sign the Oath of Allegiance they won’t have to change their religion to Christianity and they don’t have to follow the British’s rules. The Acadians would have practiced the same religion they have been doing for centuries and follow their own rules. The British wanted the Acadians land but,

Because of increased tensions between the French settlers and the British, the Acadians were forced out of

“New France was not merely the settlement of a few fur traders.” The Acadians were “a pastoral-like people who once formed a proud nation in a land called Acadia.” Although falling under the jurisdiction of “New France,” the Acadians governed separately than the rest of the country and were an independent entity within New France. Today, “the Acadians are the French speaking population of the Canadian Maritime provinces,” and these are the Acadians that were not displaced during the expulsions, under British rule. Acadia’s beginnings, with the construction of Port Royal, could have marked the colony for success, but instead, led to a troubling conclusion for the European descendents. Through failed leadership, two

The oath of neutrality meant that they were now neither British subjects nor French subjects. They were no one’s allies. The Acadians faced with this dilemma refused to sign the oath of neutrality altogether, as they wanted to be a part of their French origins. This refusal to sign the oath, unfortunately, led to the belief on the part of British officials that the Acadians were a threat to the security of the colony, and thus must be contained. A direct result of this act was several atrocities were forced upon the Acadians, and they were ultimately evicted. The eviction of Acadians is a major event that has shaped the relationship between the French and the English politically. The French do not think they are part of the old British kingdom. They are thus fighting for their independence even today in the form of the free Quebec