Access Of Land Resources And Alternative Sources Of Income Non Paddy Farming For Poor Farmers

People depend on their farms to provide for their families and they have to deal with a lot of challenges that farmers in the US don’t have to deal with. Such as loss of arable land, unstable population growth, climate changes, inadequate management practices, unfair prices of produce and insufficient research. Each year in Bangladesh about 80,000 hectares of arable land are lost. Even though that all of these problems occur Bangladesh is still an agrarian economy with agriculture being the largest producing sector of its economy. Agriculture makes up for about 30% of the country’s GDP and employs about 60% of the country’s total labor force. Most farmers in Bangladesh own no more than a few acres of land and the crop yields are low because of lack of capital for input. The main cash-crop of Bangladesh is Jute. A cash crop is a crop grown for its commercial value rather than use to the producer or grower of the product. Much like how corn is to the United States, Bangladesh produces around one fourth of the world's jute supply. Unlike the United States which exports a lot different crops in large quantities, Jute makes up for around 13 to 15% of Bangladesh’s annual export ratings. The crop sub-sector of the agriculture in Bangladesh dominates at around 72% of the agriculture while fisheries take up about 10%, Livestock also takes up around 10% and forestry takes up about 7%. Bangladesh farms do not have the technologies

South Asia is one of the most densely populated regions of the world, where despite a slow growth, agriculture remains the backbone of rural economy as it employs one half to over 90 percent of the labor force. Both extensive and intensive policy measures for agriculture

Since many rural households derive income from some form of non-farm activity, increasing the profitability and range of such activities would improve their ways of living security and living conditions (Awoyemi, 2004). However, expansion of these opportunities related to the asset status and barriers to entry resulting from inadequate or differential access to markets (Ellis, 2000). It is obvious that rural economy is not based on agriculture but rather on a diverse means of activities and enterprises. Much recent thinking on this subject is based on the concept of livelihood diversification as a survival strategy of rural households in developing countries (Ellis, 1998). Farming remains important but rural people are looking for diverse opportunities to increase and stabilize their incomes.

Ethiopia is a country that is located in the horn of Africa and is the most populous landlocked country in the world. This nation is a tad different than say South Korea or Argentina in that access to clean water and sanitation levels are deficient. As one of the oldest civilizations in Africa, it is no surprise that it may not be as westernized as other parts of the world. Malnutrition and illness from communicable diseases coupled with less than adequate education in the country leaves Ethiopia in a less than satisfactory state.

It is the leading earning sector in both terms of GDP and govt. revenue. Majority of the people earn their livings from this sector. Due to a number of sectors, most of the labor force are focused on agriculture. The sector has achieved steady increase in food grain production despite the unfavorable weather conditions and economical turmoil’s. One of the most important factors claim behind this increase is due to the efficiency use of improved fertilizers and the establishment of better flood control and irrigations. The development of infrastructures and rural credit networks has contributed to the sectors development. Population pressure continues to place a severe burden on productive capacity, creating food deficit especially of wheat. Foreign assistance and economical imports fill the gap but seasonal hunger remains a problem. Under employment remains a serious problem a growing concern for Bangladesh’s agricultural sectors will be its ability to absorb additional manpower.

Due to conflict and migration of male population from the rural areas to urban areas, feminisation of agriculture is increasing rapidly. Even poverty is becoming more feminised due to growing disparities between women's and men's access to household resources in the context of socio-economic change and increase in the proportion of poor-resourced female-headed households (Leach and Mearns, 1991, cited in Shivakoti Aryal and Zoebisch, n.d.). Hence, poverty is the greatest challenge in the development process of the country. Alleviation of poverty should be the priority of all the development programs.

Only few countries are able to produce more food than their citizens need. For the rest of the world, hunger and malnutrition are common. In developing nations, about 150 million children under the age of five go to bed hungry each night. Climate changes and erosion have worsened the problem in some places like Somalia. Moreover, each advance in producing more food is often met with a corresponding increase in population.

This research is interested in identifying the nexus between women’ land rights and food security within West African states (ECOWAS states). The majority of ECOWAS countries sustain their economies through agriculture. In 2012, agriculture accounted for 35% of the region’s Gross Domestic Product (DGP), contributing $6 billion to its foreign trade and represented 16.1% of products and services exported from ECOWAS region (Salifou 2012). Agriculture also created 60% all jobs in the ECOWAS region in 2012.

There has been a lot of misconceptions on the causes of undernourishment in poor regions and possible solution path ways. Intensify local agricultural activities in order to ensure local food self-sufficiency is the most promoted option to address undernourishment. Contrarily, slash and burn agricultural has been accused as a principal source of deforestation and increasing deforestation has been a big worry in that it leads to climatic change which in turn affect agricultural productivity. This suggest that in as much as people need for

Mellor 's Chapter 7: The Subsistence Farmer in Traditional Economies in Sustainable Agriculture & Economic Development explores how the traditional farming in developing countries such as Sudan is shifting. They are referred to as "transitional" agricultures, as they are adapting to influence and income form developed, wealthier nations. Focussing mostly on the “microeconomics of subsistence farms,” Mellor looks at the values of farmers, how they impact or impede upon change, along with exploring development policy in traditional regions. Using graphs and statistics from around the world, he explores topics such as the potential correlation between labour impute and product output as technological advances are incorporated. As Sudan has a long history of traditional farming, along with being a country with deep poverty, this article is useful in addressing these setbacks in acquiring and transitioning to using new technology and farming methods (Mellor, 2008).

Malnutrition, sickly children and poor/developing countries. Did you know that 98% of undernourished live in developing countries and everyday, 1,000 children die because of water and sanitation - related diarrhea diseases, (Know your World: Facts about hunger and poverty). This paper is about World Hunger and the issues, it causes throughout the world. So many people suffer everyday that we don 't know about. This paper is going to make you want to reach out and help.

Today in America over forty million civilians are facing the hunger epidemic, over six million people are suffering due to shortage of food occasionally starved. Since 2007 there has been a stagnant in the development in supporting hunger crisis in the population. many people advocate to promote awareness in order for government to improve funding in food aid program (CQ page 1). In 2017, it has been reported that the president Donald J trump is planning on cutting a large percentage of government aid in Medicaid, farm subsidies, affordable housing, and other anti-poverty programs (Trump’s big bite). Although the causes of people suffering from hunger is increasing are three complex major factors including high rate of poverty due to jobs instability, slashing of government food aid and nutritional quality. Various different studies have discovered that hunger, specifically as a juvenile, leads to physical, mental, behavioral and financial problems. The biggest issue facing all of this is the people that are affected by the hunger crisis have a very difficult time taking themselves out of that situation therefore, sorely rely on the government for full support.

The reference period of the study covering almost 25 years (1971 to 1993-94) include a few epochs of agricultural and rural development viz., green revolution and post-green revolution phases, era of poverty alleviation programmes and the early phase of die new

During the Tenth Five Year Plan, gross domestic product (GDP) originating from agriculture and allied activities was 2.3 percent compared to 8.0 percent in the industrial sector and 9.5 percent services sector. During this plan period, the growth in the agriculture and allied activities averaged 2.3 percent which is lower than that of 3.2 percent during the 1990s and 4.4 percent during the 1980s. Also, there is a shift from staples to cash crops which is the major reason for food insecurity. From 1960-61 to 1998-99 the area under grain crops has gone down from 45 million hectares to 29.5 million hectares, area under cotton has increased from 7.6 to 9.3 million hectares and area under sugarcane has increased from 2.4 to 4.1 million hectares. Since 1990-91, due to the new economic policies, the area under food grains and coarse grains have declined by -2 and -18 percent respectively while area under non-food cash crops such as cotton and sugar-cane have increased by 25 and 10 percent respectively. However, production of milk has increased from 84.4 m tonnes (2001-02) to 97.1 m tonnes (2005-06). Production of eggs has increased from 38729 millions (2001-02) to 46231 millions (2005) (Ghatak, 2007). Notwithstanding increased availability of milk, fruits, vegetables, fish and other produce, the agricultural sector is facing the new challenges of diminishing land resources, factor productivity

India has been a welfare state ever since her Independence and the primary objective of all governmental endeavors has been the welfare of its millions. Planning has been one of the pillars of the Indian policy since independence and the country’s strength is derived from the achievement of planning. The policies and programmes have been designed with the aim of alleviation of rural poverty which has been one of the primary objectives of planned development in India. It was realized that a sustainable strategy of poverty alleviation has to be based on increasing the productive employment opportunities in the process of growth itself. Elimination of poverty, ignorance, diseases and inequality of