Accident Spot Identification Using Gsm & Gps

RAM: RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is a bit like a person's short-term memory. RAM is volatile so data only exists only when the computer is turned on, and is used by the operating system and other applications.

RAM (Random Accesses Memory): RAM is used by CPU when a computer is running to store the information that it needs to be used very quickly but it does not store any information permanently.

A computer without a memory is of no use since memory plans an important role in saving and retrieving data. There are two types of memory:

There are two types of control unit which are hardwired and micro program where hardwired are for fixed architecture and are typically RISC and cost more than micro program because of the time required to design the circuits , but they are faster. Micro program control units are slower than hardwired but are easier and cheaper to implement as the instructions are stored in special control memory. The control unit controls all data going in, out and inside the CPU. The control unit decodes the data from ram and turns it into an instruction depending on what instruction set the control unit is programed or hardwired to have. Then if the instruction involves any logic or mathamatical caluculations it gets sent to the alu

The Car Crash Study was done in 1974 by Loftus and Palmer that was aimed to test their theory that the language used in an eyewitness testimonies can alter the eyewitness’s memory of the event. They got 45 American students and showed them 7 films of traffic accidents, ranging from 5 to 30 seconds, in a random order. Afterwards the subjects were asked to describe what happened as if they were at the accident. They were then asked more specific questions such as, “About how fast were the cars going when they (smashed/ collided/ bumped/ hit/ contacted) each other?’. This was to see if the if the verb used in the question would affect the answers given by the subjects which it did. In the next part of the experiment they showed 150 students a one-minute film that showed a car driving through the country side followed by four seconds of a multiple traffic accident. Afterwards they split the students into three groups and asked them different questions. The first group was asked “How fast were the cars going when they hit each other?”, the second group was asked “How fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?”, and the third group was kept as a control group and wasn’t asked anything. One week later they were asked, without seeing the film, ten questions about the film. One question asked “Did you see any broken glass? Yes or No?” which there was none. The results showed that more participants who were asked “How fast were the cars going when they smashed?” said

Q: Which of the following allows certain hardware subsystems within the computer to access system memory independently of the central processing unit?

* Explain the potential effects these events may have on the survivors and the first responders.

the incident and to declare to someone what has happened to them. Many of the victims use the

GPS is a great part of technology in our world, the first GPS system was used for military and now anyone that has a

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a very simple to use but very complex in terms of how it works. The Global Positioning System relies on a network of 24 satellites approximately 20200 kilometres above Earth in space, orbiting on 6 different routes (four satellites each route). These satellites will orbit the twice in the time frame of only 24 hours. The Global Positioning System Satellites work by transmitting 2 radio signals also known as L1 and L2 to the Global Positioning System, the L1 signal consists of a frequency of 1575.42MHz and the L2 signal with a frequency of 1227.60MHz. These signals are sent once a Global Positioning System is within the line-of-sight connection with at least 3 satellites. Once in the light-of-sight, the satellites broadcast radio wave signals towards the Global Positioning System that carry information of location and time. Once these signals are sent, a special type of equipment called a Global Positioning System receiver receives them and decodes the information carried. The Global Positioning System can be used for numerous jobs such as navigation for cars, ships and aeroplanes, various military jobs, measuring large landscapes and measuring changes in water levels. With the application of Global Positioning Systems for navigation the risk for road, air and water collisions has been greatly reduced due to the Global Positioning System giving guidance to driver, pilots and ship captains uncertain of their location. Along with the

An inbuilt chip is provide to each vehicle that updates itself every second. the chip contain a storage component that can store the information received within certain time, sensor, GPS and computing element.

Abstract— GPS has major issues with security and speed of signal which can be overcome by aiding GPS along with Inertial Measurement Unit using Kalman filter. An inertial measurement unit is based on inertial navigation system which is an autonomous system that provides us information about position, velocity and attitude based on the measurements by inertial sensors and by applying Newton's laws of motion, which determines the vehicle’s current position from knowledge of its previous position and the sensors which helps in calculating accelerations and angular rotational measurements of the vehicle. Specified initial conditions been given or on considering inertial frame of reference, upon one integration of acceleration we obtain velocity

This information and instructions for the CPU are stored in Random Access Memory (RAM). This memory is the next hardware component for a bare bones PC referred to as the main memory. The CPU has direct access to any instructions for programs to be executed that are in the main memory and only in the main memory. The main memory is volatile which means it can only store data or instructions when the computer is powered on. The device that stores data when the PC is powered off is the hard drive. It is the computers primary method of storage. Another way it stores memory is through the floppy drive. This form of memory is removable.

Von Neumann architecture is a type of computer architecture model that acts as a store-program digital computer which uses a processing unit and a separate storage system that holds instruction and data. The processing unit is a combination of the control unit which has program counter and an instruction register and processor registers with an Arithmetic logic Unit (ALU). The memory unit is a block of shared storage registers that stores both data and instructions (Petterson & Lennessy, 2014). The memory block has a data bus and an address bus for communication with the processor. A Von Neumann system is characterized by a common bus that does both instruction fetching and operations of data. This means handling of data and instructions has to be done in sequential order which is known as Von Neumann Bottleneck, since the bus cannot operate in a full duplex manner.

purpose of each block. In the same chapter the explanation of microcontrollers, power supplies, LCD