According To The UCC (Uniform Commercial Code)

The Good faith exception issued by the Supreme Court of the United States v. Leon recognized evidence that has been collected in violation of the privacy right protected by the Fourth Amendment to be used in a trial in case the police acted in good faith as answered on detective search warrant (Hall, 2014). During Leon case, the judge issued a warrant which was facially deficient, but without officer recognizing the language as long as there is reasonable reliance on that warrant police officials believe they could execute. (McDonald, 1986) The Court held illegally seized evidence may be used in federal and civil trials to impeach statements made by a defendant who lacks standing on the Fourth Amendment. The Supreme Court uses the term good faith when referring to the objective reasonableness of the police in the belief of the existence of a warrant that is non-existent benefits. The Court concluded that evidence should not be suppressed where it is discovered by officers in the course of actions that are taken in good faith and reasonable belief that they are authorized. (McDonald, 1986)

In the book Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies, by Seth Holmes he mentioned the philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre and his philosophy “Bad Faith”. Holmes explains “The phrase “bad faith” was introduced by Jean-Paul Sartre to describe the ways in which individuals knowingly deceive themselves to avoid acknowledging realities disturbing to them(Holmes86). The phrase explains us, when something bad is happening in our lives, we lie to ourselves to escape the truth that we don’t have to face them. This happens to everyone when we commit a really bad mistake and we don’t want to accept it. Another way this may happen is when you’re in a bad situation and you try to replace it with something else to get your mind off of it. Basically it’s a distraction, so we don’t think about what’s actually going on.

A document guaranteeing the payment of a specific amount of money is called a negotiable instrument. The negotiable instrument guarantees the specific amount of money to be paid on demand or a set time, with the payee normally named on the document. This instrument is governed by state statutory law. Each state has implemented with some modifications Article 3 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). The UCC defined the validity of a negotiable instrument.

A new law will probably be introduced into state legislatures which will govern all contracts for the development, sale, licensing, and support of computer software. This law, which has been in development for about ten years, will be an amendment to the Uniform Commercial Code. The amendment is called Article 2B (Law of Licensing) and is loosely based on UCC Article 2 (Law of Sales), which governs sales of goods in all 50 states. A joint committee of the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (NCCUSL) and the American Law Institute is drafting the changes to the UCC.

This case shows that the insurance company’s duty to deal in good faith does not extend to the plaintiffs who were not insured under the contract. Because there was no relationship with the insurer, the plaintiffs could not bring a direct action for bad faith against the insurance company to recover an amount in excess of the policy limits.

In reference to David and Anne case study, Anne ought to be advised by the healthcare providers about the aforementioned policies and procedures in order to ensure that they are adequately informed about the care, and are supported throughout the care process. Anne should be guided that it is alright to grieve for her husband, and that recovery is not a rapid process and is a long journey, but with appropriate interventions, procedures and policies, all will be alright (NICE, 2013).

1. Yes. Any cooperation or business who is in violation of an implied warranty of merchantability will be subject to the provisions of UCC § 2-314, in order for goods to be merchantable they must be “fit for the ordinary purposes for which such goods are used; • be “within the variations permitted by the agreement, of even kind, quality, and quantity within each unit and among all units involved,” • be adequately contained, packaged, and labeled as the agreement may require,” and • “conform to the promises of affirmations of fact made on the container or label, if any.”

Good faith has thus been defined as “an honest and sincere intent and purpose to explore all possibilities of settlement of the matters in dispute, until the exhaustion of all reasonable efforts and the arrival at a point where a definite decision is reached.”

Australia has not yet committed itself to a definitive principle of good faith in contract law. Unlike the legal systems in Europe and the United States, Australia does not demand an explicit legal prerequisite of good faith to form a contract.[1] Decisions in different jurisdictions have however considered the validity of the values identified in the doctrine of good faith within contract law, such as loyalty, honesty and cooperation. Good faith is valuable because it provides confidence in the formation of contracts between two parties. However there are conflicting views and criticisms of the doctrine of good faith.

There is no general definition of good faith under English contract law; it is generally a presumption that two parties will act honestly and fairly with one another. Unlike other systems of law, such as the French Civil Code, English contract law does not recognise the obligation of ‘good faith’. Instead there is more of a negative obligation not to tell lies rather than a positive obligation to tell the truth and act in good faith. However recent cases such as Yam Seng PTE Ltd v International Trade Corporation Limited have shown that the courts attitudes towards good faith have been developing and changing. Now it may be possible to imply a term of good faith in a contract. Therefore, where traditionally there has been a negative obligation not to tell lies, English contract law may be slowly moving towards an obligation of good faith.

The Office of the Inspector General (OIG) was established by § 2-56-010 of the Municipal Code of the City of Chicago. § 2-56-030(b) of the Municipal Code charges OIG with the duty and authority to investigate the performance of government officers, employees, functions and programs in order to detect and prevent misconduct, inefficiency and waste in the City government. Municipal Code, § 2-56-030(b). The Municipal Code mandates a duty to cooperate with OIG to every City officer, employee, department, agency, contractor, subcontractor and licensee of the city, and every applicant for certification of eligibility for a city contract or program. § 2-56-090. Those with a duty to cooperate must provide information to OIG upon its request. §

In the absence of federal legislation, states have the liberty to address climate change and formulate policies that mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Texas and California have similar deregulated energy markets and economic goals, yet have pursued different policies, providing a fitting opportunity for Texas to analyze, compare and consider California’s comprehensive law and regulations designed to mitigate GHG emissions. Key focus areas include electricity generation and use , transportation, and industry . Given the comprehensive focus of energy policies, this report specifically emphasizes electricity generation and use. ,

Starting with the Good Faith defense, if the defendant asserts a good faith belief that and alleges that any “fraudulent” representations were in fact true when made, this would hereby rebut the fraudulent intent element. If there is sufficient evidence on this matter, they defendant may request a jury instruction directly on the issue, and if the defendant does in fact assert this defense, the prosecution will likely be admitted to introduce other acts of the person for the jury to weigh the evidence accordingly.

Importing legislation from a nation of dissimilar jurisprudential background is likey to create inconsistency in our current legal framework. Not only is the notion of good faith irreconcilable with existing common law, the concept itself is vastly uncertain and open to interpretation. It has been criticized that the misapplication of good faith in contract in US has created a state of confusion leading to irreconcilable decisions. The definition of good faith in US has largely been uncertain; it even has been referred as ‘mystery’ . The illusory nature of good faith will have a negative impact on our established legal system:

Good faith was described by Lord Bingham in Interfoto as “playing fair, coming clean, or putting one’s cards face upwards on the table.” It owes its origins to the law of equity and can be traced back to the case of Carter v