chapter
1
INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
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Scan Study Objectives Read Feature Story Scan Preview Read Text and Answer Do it! p. 5 p. 11 p. 18 p. 20 Work Using the Decision Toolkit Review Summary of Study Objectives Work Comprehensive Do it! p. 23 Answer Self-Test Questions Complete Assignments Go to WileyPLUS for practice and tutorials Read A Look at IFRS p. 42
study objectives
After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1 Describe the primary forms of business organization. 2 Identify the users and uses of accounting information. 3 Explain the three principal types of business activity. 4 Describe the content and purpose of each of the financial statements. 5 Explain the meaning of
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INSIDE CHAPTER 1 . . . ● ● ● ●
The Scoop on Accounting (p. 6) Spinning the Career Wheel (p. 7) The Numbers Behind Not-for-Profit Organizations (p. 8) Rocking the Bottom Line (p. 15)
3
preview of chapter 1
How do you start a business? How do you determine whether your business is making or losing money? How should you finance expansion—should you borrow, should you issue stock, should you use your own funds? How do you convince lenders to lend you money or investors to buy your stock? Success in business requires making countless decisions, and decisions require financial information. The purpose of this chapter is to show you what role accounting plays in providing financial information. The content and organization of the chapter are as follows.
Introduction to Financial Statements
Forms of Business Organization • Sole proprietorship • Partnership • Corporation
Users and Uses of Financial Information • Internal users • External users • Ethics in financial reporting
Business Activities • Financing • Investing • Operating • • • • •
Communicating with Users Income statement Retained earnings statement Balance sheet Statement of cash flows Interrelationships of statements • Other elements of an annual report
Forms of
In accounting there is much to be learned, about the financial aspects of a business. In the past five weeks I have learned the importance of financial reports and how they relate to the success of an establishment. These reports may include balance sheets and income statements, which help accountants and the public grasp the overall financial condition of a company. The information in these reports is really significant to, managers, owners, employees, and investors. Managers of a business can take and deduce financial
Fraser, L. M., & Ormiston, A. (201). Understanding financial statements (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
An accounting cycle is a process, or a series of activities, that consists of collecting an organization’s transactions at the end of a reporting period to prepare essential financial statements of a business (Fleury, 2015). The accounting cycle is a strict, methodical set of rules used to ensure the accuracy and conformity of financial statements (Investopedia, 2017). The steps involved with an accounting cycle, the roles each of the step facilitate, the impact of omission, and what financial statements are assembled from the accounting cycle data.
Accounting is commonly described as the language of business. It is very important for all business owners to have very good understanding of their finances. Having the knowledge of your business finance, you will know where the money is going. Every business owner should have a good understanding of finance. To have a good understanding business owners needs to understand basic accounting steeps, how does accounting play a role in their business, how to define a financial statement and how the omission of any of these steps would affect the success of a business. Once you have an understanding of accounting/finance and the how it plays
Financial reporting practices and ethics have manifested an ocean of literature. This has mainly come from organization theorists that address accounting practices. These theorists and professionals have given fresh accountability measures. Their ideals give this industry the tools needed to survive, grow and prosper. The way an organization prepares and reports its financial information and handles its daily operations is in essence financial practices, and in the way it accomplishes this reveals their ethical standards to which they adhere to. This paper will discuss the financial practices, ethical standards, and
This course focuses on ways in which financial statements reflect business operations and emphasizes use of financial statements in the decision-making process. The course encompasses all business forms and various sectors such as merchandising, manufacturing and service. Students make extensive use of spreadsheet applications to analyze accounting records and financial statements. Prerequisites: COMP100 and MATH114 / 4-4
What makes a large organization like Wal-Mart financially successful? One could say it is the result of outstanding personnel or perhaps a strong determination to succeed. These factors certainly contribute. However the key to financial success in organizations lies in good accounting. Since early civilization began, accounting has been an important part of our financial transactions. In today’s world our use of modern accounting systems and accurate financial statements are critical components that make modern organizations successful. To facilitate understanding of this point one must understand how
1-2. Identify and describe the five environmental differences between governments and for-profit business enterprises as identified in the Governmental Accounting Standards Board's Why Governmental Accounting and Financial Reporting Is—and Should Be—Different.
The purpose of this paper is to define accounting, and identify the four basic financial statements. The paper also explains how the different financial statements are interrelated to each other and why they are useful to managers, investors, creditors, and employees.
3. How can financial information be relevant to the users of financial reports? (2 Marks)
Learning Objective: 04-03 Present an income statement with earnings per share, statement of stockholders equity, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows.
ChaNoel A. Torres Acevedo Intermediate Accounting I Homework: Exercise 3-1: Apr. | 2 | Cash | 30,000 | | | | Equipment | 14,000 | | | | Christine Ewing, Capital | | 44,000 | | | | | | | 2 | No entry—not a transaction. | | | | | | | | | 3 | Supplies | 700 | | | | Accounts Payable | | 700 | | | | | | | 7 | Rent Expense | 600 | | | | Cash | | 600 | | | | | | | 11 | Accounts Receivable | 1,100 | | | | Service Revenue | | 1,100 | | | | | | | 12 | Cash | 3,200 | | | | Unearned Service Revenue | | 3,200 | | | | | | | 17 | Cash | 2,300 | | | | Service Revenue | | 2,300 |
The “financial statements are formal reports providing information on a company's financial position, cash inflows and outflows, and the results of operations” (Hermanson, p.22). There are four main components that make up a financial statement. The four parts are, balance sheet, income statements, cash flow and, statement of owner’s equity. The balance sheets role is to define the company’s assets liabilities and revenue of the business. The income statement shows the income within the company. Cash flow reviews the position of the company by cash payments and receipts. Lastly, the statement of owner’s equity shows the amount of earnings, stock and other capitals of people in the company. (Hermanson, p.34-35).
Ethical and legal obligations apply to all members of society. As one in society, the obligation to act in an ethical, law abiding manner on a daily basis is vital to the integrity of daily life. Many professions have their own code of ethics. Financial reporting is not exempt from such ethical and legal standards. One’s lively hood depends on decisions made in the business world. Business transactions are done daily and can impact one’s economic stability. Trust is placed in the hands of corporate America and an obligation of financial reporting to reveal a complete honest and legal picture of an entity’s accounting practices is important in attaining trust. This paper will discuss the obligations of
Marvin Braun had just been appointed vice president of the Great Basin Region of the Financial Services Corporation (FSC). The company provides check processing services for small banks. The banks send checks presented for deposit or payment to FSC, which then records the data on each check in a computerized database. FSC sends the data electronically to the nearest Federal Reserve Bank check-clearing center where the appropriate transfers of funds are made between banks. The Great Basin Region consists of three check processing centers in Eastern Idaho—Pocatello, Idaho Falls, and Ashton. Prior to his promotion to vice president, Mr. Braun had been manager of a check processing