Accounting Framework And Legal Compliance

Secondary information is collected for this case. This case study limited only one techniques of financial analysis that is Ratio Analysis and also taken a single company. Thus the conclusion of the analysis carried out in a professional manner will be able to correctly describe the evaluation of the company and to substantiate the user’s decisions.

• Present 5 years of statements – Ratio – Trend Analysis – See if ratios are improving

“The use of ratio analysis is rather like solving a mystery in which each clue leads to a new area of inquiry” (2005, Block & Hirt, p. 55, chap. 3). These ratios help to make pro forma determinations for future years. The first step to making any predictions is to review the current year and past year ratios, making comparisons and determining areas of strengths and weaknesses. Larger companies may require a review of the past five-year’s ratios to obtain detailed analyses of these areas. For this review, we are concentrating on the years 2007 and 2006 and have prepared the following rations for review:

The growth strategy of Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, Inc is multifaceted. Their growth strategy is driven by opening the finest hotel, in the right destination, which will lead to the right economics for the hotel owner. They not only discover destinations where their consumers want to go, but target those markets where they want to create their presence and to increase awareness for future Four Seasons’ travelers. But at the same time investigate opportunities to engrain their positions in those destinations, where they have already operated. According to Kathleen Taylor ‘Four Seasons has approximately 50 projects in various stages of design and construction. The vast majority will come outside the U.S., with a focus on China, India and Latin America. There are lots of cities in those areas where Four Seasons needs to

Accor has extensive brand portfolio where 240,000 hoteliers with same shared passion for welcoming, located in 95 countries, in 4,100 addresses and 570,000 rooms ("Accor Hotels: company profile", 2016). The luxury brands under Accor Hotels are Raffles, Fairmont, Sofitel, Onefinestay, Mgallery, Grand Mercure, The Sebel, Pullman, Swissotel, Novotel, Suite Novotel, Mercure, Mama Shelter, Adagio/ Adagio Access and economy and economy brands are IBIS, IBIS Styles, IBIS Budget, and Hotel F1("Accor", 2016).

The hotel industry is a very hard industry to enter into, due to one of the biggest obstacles, which is brand recognition. Right now there are a few large hotel chains that make a large footprint in the market. It is hard for a new entrant to come into the industry and compete with these large hotel chains without bringing something new to the table. Many large chains in the industry dominate the industry due to economies of scale due to franchising.

During the performance of this integrated audit, require numerous judgments about the internal control and overall financial reporting and how well it addresses risks of material misstatements within the financial statements (AICPA, 2014). After re-evaluating the previous errors found from the previous audit, the audit team found the corrective actions to be appropriate and justified in elimination of human error by implementing additional checks and balances within the manual process. No additional misstatements have been found and all internal controls off the financial reporting seem appropriate and just.

Executive Summary Business and Industry Analysis Competitive Advantages Five Forces Model Industry Competitive Analysis Accounting Analysis Key Accounting Policies Degree of Accounting Flexibility Evaluation of Accounting Strategy Accounting Quality of Disclosure Red Flags Quantitative Analysis Ratio Analysis Liquidity Profitability Capital Structure Forecasting Balance Sheet Income Statement Statement of Cash Flows Forecast Summary Valuation Analysis Method of Comparables

The main components of the VIVA’s annual financial statements and independent auditor’s report is to cover all of the financial statement that were at 31 December 2014, the statement will include several components, the profit or loss statements and the comprehensive income, the changes that happened from the beginning of the year and till it ends in cash flows and in equity, a basic summary of worthy accounting policies and other explanatory information. The financial statements of VIVA are prepared in conformity with the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS), this standard was issued in May 2014 and it applies to an annual financial statements beginning on or after 1 January

Having strategically acquired rival businesses in the global financial crisis, set up its Botany Paper Mill and making its Australian division independent, Amcor expects its financials to improve dramatically as the ramifications of its moves unfold.

Profitability ratios are basically figures to measure if the company is doing well in the terms of profit[13]. ROCE ratio has increased in 2011 but in 2012 it deteriorates by 3%. This fall indicates that company was not successfully getting high returns as a percentage of its resources available, compared to 2011.

Accor – This is a private French Company and of the largest employers in the lodging industry. It employs 168,600 employees working in 4,000 properties in 90 countries. It is ranked second with the revenues of $9.03 billion in 2005. It is well known for its upscale brands, Len and Sofitel. Accor also operates and owns stakes in several hospitality and food services.

Ratio analysis is the fundamental indicator of company’s performances for so many years; it is also can be seen as the very first step to measure a company’s performance along with its financial position. Moreover, ratio analysis has been researched and developed for many years, Bliss had presented the first coherent system of ratios, and he also stated that ratios are “indicator of the status of fundamental relationship within the business” Horrigan (1968). However there are some arguments on whether the ratio analysis is useful or not since to conduct these analyses will be costly to the company, also there are several limitations on how these ratios work. Therefore, the usefulness and the limitation of ratio analysis will be discussed further in this essay, with the use of easyJet’s annual report as examples.

Marriott is a multi brand company with a Global Portfolio that providing lodging that fit within many market segments. This report will discuss briefly Marriott’s Portfolio of hotels, what they do, briefly examine a number of their key marketing strategies and examine how they are implemented, measured and ask the question does this make them market leaders?

This assignment concentrates on both the HotelInvest and HotelServices side of the Accor Group and and different analysis on the role of market auditing and and market planning.