Accounting : The Differences Between U.s. Gaap And Ifrs-

First, let’s get a little background on accounting for business combinations. The current accounting method for business combinations was issued in 2007 with the adjustment to SFAS 141(R), “Business Combinations” under FASB ASC 805. This change was made by the Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) in collaboration with International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) in order to make the U.S. accounting standards align more closely with the standards of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The business combination accounting is initiated when a company gains control of a subsidiary either by obtaining or purchasing the

Present as either a single-step or multiple-step format. Expenditures are presented by function. SEC registrants should follow SEC regulations.

FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 805-20 (Business Combinations – Identifiable Assets and Liabilities, and Any Noncontrolling Interest) is applicable to our company’s transactions regarding the acquisition of ARU since our acquisition meets the definition of a business combination. Per ASC 805-20-05-1, it states this subtopic provides guidance on how the acquirer shall recognize and measure the identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and noncontrolling interests in the acquiree. Therefore, this subtopic is applicable to our concern on the disclosure of the extinguishment of debt in financial statements. In addition, per ASC 805-15-2 and ASC 805-15-3, the scope and scope exceptions mention the guidance in this topic applies to all entities and all transactions that meet the definition of a business combination. Per ASC 805-20-50-1, it provides guidance on how our company shall disclose the business combination that occurs during the reporting period, as follows:

A. Stock issuance costs are a part of the acquisition costs and the direct combination costs are expensed B. Direct combination costs are a part of the acquisition costs and the stock issuance costs are a reduction to additional paid-in capital C. Direct combination costs are expensed and stock issuance costs are a reduction to additional paid-in capital D. Both are treated as part of the acquisition price E. Both are treated as a reduction to additional paid-in capital 12. Lisa Co. paid cash for all of the voting common stock of Victoria Corp. Victoria will continue to exist as a separate corporation. Entries for the consolidation of Lisa and Victoria would be recorded in A. A worksheet B. Lisa's general journal C. Victoria's general journal D. Victoria's secret consolidation journal E. The general journals of both companies 13. At the date of an acquisition which is not a bargain purchase, the acquisition method A. Consolidates the subsidiary's assets at fair value and the liabilities at book value B. Consolidates all subsidiary assets and liabilities at book value C. Consolidates all subsidiary assets and liabilities at fair value D. Consolidates current assets and liabilities at book value, long-term assets and liabilities at fair value E. Consolidates the subsidiary's assets at book value and the liabilities at fair

Over the years, there are many controversies over equity method within IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures. The controversies basically lay on the vagueness of application on equity method; whether it serves as one-line consolidation (consolidation technique), measurement basis or a mixture of both. This paper divides into 3 parts. First part gives an illustration on this accounting issue in IAS 28 as well as the explanation, second part compares and contrasts the financial reports of two assigned entities and the final part discusses the qualitative characteristics of their financial reports.

‘Cash and cash equivalents’ include certain short-term investments and, in some cases, bank overdrafts. Like IFRS, ‘cash and cash equivalents’ include certain shortterm investments, although not necessarily the same short-term investments as under IFRS. Unlike IFRS, bank overdrafts are considered a form of short-term financing, with changes therein classified as financing activities. The statement of cash flows presents cash flows during the period, classified by operating, investing and financing activities. Like IFRS, the statement of cash flows presents cash flows during the period, classified by operating, investing and financing activities. The separate components of a single transaction are classified as operating, investing or financing. Unlike IFRS, cash receipts and payments with attributes of more than one class of cash flows are classified based on the predominant source of the cash flows unless the underlying transaction is accounted for as having different components. Cash flows from operating activities may be presented using either the direct method or the indirect method. If the direct method is used, then an entity presents a reconciliation of profit or loss to net cash flows from operating activities; however, in our experience practice varies regarding the measure of profit or loss used. Like IFRS, cash flows from operating activities may be presented using either the direct method or the indirect method. Like IFRS, if

Major changes have occurred for financial reporting for business combinations beginning in 2009. These changes are documented FASB ASC Topic 805, “Business Combinations” and Topic 810, “Consolidation.” These standards require the acquisition method which emphasizes acquisition-date fair values for recording all combinations.

The five research articles I have chosen to further my research on the convergence between U.S. GAAP and IFRS are The Implication of US GAAP and IFRS Convergence on American Business by Austin Willmore (2015), IFRS adoption by country by PWC (2015), International Financial Reporting Standards and American Generally Accepted Accounting Principles: the Convergence Lessons by Kuzina (2015), The economic impact of IFRS - a financial analysis perspective by Seay (2014), and Accounting for Leases The New Standard by CPA Journal (2016). These articles are related to my topic, where these researchers researched and analyzed the financial statement reporting on convergence of the U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and certain accounts when adopting IFRS present a different result in the financial reporting for U.S. reporting companies when U.S. GAAP standards combined with IFRS. Also, these research articles discuss the existence of two systems of standards, U.S. GAAP and IFRS; and the issue and difficulty of the process to fully converge.

With the growth of international business there is a need to standardize financial statements globally. Presently there are “approximately 120 foreign private issuers currently that report to the Commission using IFRS financial statements.” By standardizing accounting practices investors will be able to make informed decisions based on comparability and accuracy of financial statements. The SEC released this statement in 2008, “We believe that IFRS has the potential to best provide the common platform on which companies can report and investors can compare financial information.” The SEC has created a “Roadmap” or plan to convert US GAAP over to IFRS. According to The Committee of

Over a decade ago, it was believed that the whole world would likely adopt the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). At the point in time, the International Financial reporting Standards (IFRS) was only about ten years old. In the last decade, the IFRS has been adopted in many growing countries. Currently, it is anticipated that the U.S. will converge its GAAP with the international IFRS, leaving behind only a modified IFRS. This may occur as early as 2014.

There are several differences between the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The IFRS is considered more of a "principles based" accounting standard in contrast to U.S. GAAP which is considered more "rules based." By being more "principles based", IFRS, arguably, represents and captures the economics of a transaction better than U.S. GAAP. As a team me collaborated to answer the following seven questions.

Differences Between GAAP and IFRS and Implications of Potential Convergence - Boundless Open Textbook. (n.d.). Retrieved February 5, 2015, from https://www.boundless.com/accounting/textbooks/boundless-accounting-textbook/introduction-to-accounting-1/conventions-and-standards-21/differences-between-gaap-and-ifrs-and-implications-of-potential-convergence-131-7049/

The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) are working together to eliminate a variety of difference between the United States generally accepted accounting procedures (U.S. GAAP or GAAP) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). This convergence project grew out of an agreement reached by the two boards in 2002 (Deloitte, 2004).

* To recognise separately, at the acquisition date, the acquiree’s identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities.

The US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) is a set of international accounting rules which originated from the United States. US GAAP can be defined as a set of accounting principles, standards and procedures that companies use to compile their financial statements (Elliott & Elliott, 2008). The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on the other hand are accounting rules originating from the United Kingdom. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are a set of accounting rules designed with a common global language for business affairs so that financial accounts of companies are understandable and comparable across international boundaries (Devinney, Pedersen & Tihanyi, 2010).