Achalasia Case Study

In an emergency situation, why is a drug most commonly delivered via injection versus an oral route?

The following case study is of a 37-year old Hispanic male weighing 145 lbs and 70 inches tall found unconscious by his girlfriend. According to her he was unconscious for about 15 hours and she was concerned because he would not wake or respond and was breathing shallow and slow. She then called 9-1-1. The patient entered the ER by emergency vehicle and on my initial assessment Pt had an altered mental status, was very unresponsive showing symptoms of a possible drug overdose. The girlfriend told the physician the Pt had taken 75 mg of methadone and an unknown amount of Xanex and other amounts of Benzodiazepines. On assessment, the doctor noticed his altered mental status and unconscious status. He had a gag

Task analysis is the process of obtaining information about a job by determining the duties, tasks, and activities involved and the knowledge, skills, and abilities required in performing each task. There can be broken down into six

Eight-year-old B.J. has had asthma for 2 years since he had acute bronchitis. He was tested for allergies and demonstrated marked responses to a number of animals, pollens, and molds. B.J. also has a history of asthma related to exposure to very cold weather.

What are the uses of drugs used to treat lower respiratory tract disorders: sympathomimetics, anticholinergics, inhaled steroids, lung surfactants, and mast cell stabilizers?

This is 37 year old white male. Patient reports history of asthma, but unable to get his inhaler because of his current homeless situation. Patient reports his asthma is mild and well controlled at this time, he may use his inhaler 1 -2 time per month as needed. Patient has chronic bilateral knee joint pain, and lumbar neuopath. Patient is a non-tobacco user, denies use of alochol or illicit drug use. Patient denies chest pain, SOB N/V/ D, or fever.

A 62 years old male who was scheduled for emergency orthotropic liver transplantation because of hepatitis C cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and end stage liver disease. He had history of remote tonsillar cancer for which he underwent extensive surgical resection including part of his tongue as well as a skin and arterial graft from his left arm to his posterior pharynx. This was followed by radiation therapy which is associated with ongoing hemoptysis. On Examination, he is thin. Examination of his airway was concerning for an extremely limited mouth opening, and very limited neck extension. His thyromental distance also short and his throat was quite woody in that area. He had only 18 mm of inter-incisal mouth opening with muscle spasm.

Achalasia is a remarkable oesophageal motility issue with a frequency of around 1/200,000 and a predominance of roughly 1/10,000, portrayed by dysphasia and, once in a while, mid-section torment, spewing forth, goal pneumonia and weight reduction The infection can happen at any age however it is generally analyzed somewhere around 30 and 60 years. 11. Vaezi MF, Richter JE. Current therapies for achalasia: comparison and efficacy. J Clin Gastroenterol.1998;27: 21Esophageal achalasia is an uncommon neuromuscular issue described by degenerative changes of mesenteric plexus prompting a particular loss of inhibitory nerve

The digestive systems starts as food begins to enter the oral cavity through the mouth. As digestion continues the tongue plays an important role by pushing broken down food from the secretions during the chemical reaction of salivary glands releasing amylase from mouth to the oropharynx. The oropharynx reactions with epiglottis, which a flap that closes during digestion to make sure food does not enter windpipe. The glottis is the opening that goes to lungs, if food enters the oropharynx it would make the epiglottis fold back whenever the glottis is closed food is allowed to go into the esophagus. There are two sphincters of the esophagus, the upper and lower esophageal sphincters. The upper esophagus is concluded of a buddle of muscles who

The upper one-third portion of the pharyngeal muscles (see Appendix B) begins the circular contraction, followed by the middle portion of the muscles, and finally the lowest third of the pharynx. The wave of pharyngeal contraction at a rate between 9 and 25 cm/s, depending on individual variation and bolus consistency (Shaw & Martino, 2013). As the bolus rapidly passes through pharynx, the sphincteric, uppermost portion of the esophagus relaxes due to the elevation of the larynx. The relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is exquisitely timed with the movement and pressure generated by the muscles of the pharynx to coordinate the transition of the bolus from the pharynx to the

To this day, Rome is thought to be one of the most intelligent empires of all time. However, Rome had its share of problems. Some of the problems were so serious, they led to Rome’s fall. One of those problems were political issues. Another problem was lack of sanitation and how that led to diseases. Finally, the economy collapsed due to greed. All of these issues contributed to the Fall of the Roman Empire. Yet, if Rome had good leaders who actually made good decisions many of their problems could have been solved.

Achalasia is a rare disease of the muscle of the esophagus (swallowing tube). The term achalasia means "failure to relax" and refers to the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter

D-The patient was placed on HOLD to meet with this writer for counseling session. Reports stable on his dose and denies the need for a dose increase when offered. The patient admits to using heroin last night-1 bag by inhalation due to stressors in his life. This writer discussed the stressors in the patient life, referring to his family, transportation issue, and lack of recovery support. Alternatives and suggestions were discussed. This writer addressed with the patient that if he continues with his AWOLs, it will lead to a treatment violation. The patient understood this writer's position and says, " I am trying, but its hard, you know. I hope Logisiticare sends me the metro cards."

This assignment is a case study of a patient who was admitted to a respiratory ward with acute exacerbation of asthma. This assignment will discuss nursing an adult patient with asthma, also it will aim to critically assess, plan, implement and evaluate the patients nursing needs using the Roper, Logan and Tierney nursing model (1980). This case study will focus on the maintaining a safe environment. It is worth noting that the activities of daily living are interlinked e.g. according to Roper et al (1980) breathing is an activity that is crucial for life therefore all other activities are dependent on us being able to breathe. The nursing management, pharmacological agents and the tools used will be critically

“Achalasia comes from the Greek word khalasiswhich means “not relaxing” (Pandolfino and Gawron, 2015).Indications of achalasia include the “absence of oesophageal peristalsis and the incomplete relaxation of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) during which swallowing is difficult”(Steffens, Oumer, and Roberts, 2013). According to Izbicki, et al (2009), patients exhibit vomiting and weight loss as the disease progresses as LES does not relax with swallowing but carries on squeezing the end of the ooesophagus. A barrier is formed which stops the solids and the liquids from going to the stomach thereby accumulating volumes of such intake and eventually dilating the oesophagus further.The symptomatic result of the disorder is dysphagia which can progress to other symptoms, such