Actions of Living Changes Heart Rate Essay

If the resistance increases, cardiac output decreases and the blood pressure increase and if the resistance decreases, cardiac output increase and the blood pressure decreases. During each contraction, the amount of blood pumped out by one ventricle is stroke volume. The number of heartbeat in each minute is known as heart rate. The normal heart rate value for adult is 60-100 beats per minute. The cardiac output is directly proportional to the stroke volume and heart rate. The average arterial pressure during one cardiac cycle is mean arterial pressure (MAP), which is directly related to the cardiac output and resistance. The instrument sphygmomanometer with an air cuff attached to the reservoir is used to detect blood pressure associated with the pulse.

Arrhythmias are irregular rhythms of the heartbeat which can be fast paced or slow paced.

This experiment test how different types of music affect your heart rate. So, what is heart rate? Heart rate is the speed of a number of heartbeats per unit of time, or beats per minute. Usually, humans have their heart rate range between 60 bpm and 90 bpm. Heart rate is determined or measured by finding the pulse in the body. You can find your pulse in your wrist, and the side of your neck. How the pulse works is that in each beat, the heart pumps blood in the blood vessels. As the blood travels, the blood vessels enlarge and this is known as a pulse.

An dysrhythmia of the heart is an irregular heartbeat rhythm. Ventricular tachycardia is an dysrhythmia in which the lower chambers of the heart, the ventricles, beat unusually fast.

Moreover, Gooden (1994) describes apnea as an essential element to the diving reflex; it ensures not only the prevention of water inhalation, but also acts as an energy-saving device through decreasing nerve stimulation to the diaphragm and intercostals. Therefore, heart rate will be monitored under both experimental conditions and compared to the resting rate and apneic-resting rate. As a profound autonomic phenomenon, further establishment of the diving reflex in humans will shed light on the preservation of the reflex and its role in the survival during ‘near-drowning’ experiences. Only by examining the physiological response in humans can we appreciate the evolutionary significance of this innate neural circuitry.

An arrhythmia is when there is a problem with the heart rate or rhythm. During an

Tachycardia refers to an abnormally fast resting heart rate - usually at least 100 beats per minute. The threshold of a normal heart rate (pulse) is generally based on the person's age. Tachycardia can be dangerous; depending on how hard the heart has to work.In general, the adult resting heart beats between 60 and 100 times per minute (some doctors place the healthy limit at 90, so some of them may diagnose tachycardia at slightly lower than 100 beats per minute). When an individual has tachycardia the upper or lower chambers of the heart beat significantly faster - sometimes this happens to both chambers.

Heart Rate Regulation in Humans. (2010, January 23). The Student Room. Retrieved August 24, 2013, from

The heart is one of the most important organs in an organism’s body, no matter if they are aquatic, amphibian, or a mammal. This super organ works automatically, able to pump massive amounts of oxygen rich blood through the body by means of electrical impulses and the opening and closing of valves within its many layers. It is what keeps us and every other creature on this earth alive; so it is only natural for one to fear when there might be a problem with one’s heart. A cardiac arrhythmia can happen to anyone, no matter the age, race, or gender, and as such, doctors and scientist have spent years trying to better understand the heart and the way it functions so that they can try to prevent these problems and save millions of lives.

We hypothesized that humans would exhibit a diving response similar to aquatic mammals and birds. If the proposed hypothesis is right, then we should observe a decrease in heart rate from resting heart rate during test (simulated dive) treatment exposure, and we should not observe any change in heart rate from resting heart rate during control (breathing in air) treatment exposure. This can be explained by the fact that the diving response,

As the intensity of exercise increased, so did the rates of the heart and breathing. After a small period of rest, the heart rate and breathing rate both decreased to a point close to their resting rate. This proved the stated hypothesis. First, the hearts average resting rate was recorded to be 76 bpm. The heart is therefore transporting oxygen and removing carbon dioxide at a reasonably steady rate via the blood. During the low intensity exercise (Slow 20) the heart rate increases to 107 bpm, which further increases to 130bpm at a higher intensity level (Fast 20). The heart therefore needs to beat faster to increase the speed at which oxygen is carried to the cells and the rate at which carbon dioxide is taken away by the blood.

Cardiovascular drift is the term that describes the physiological changes in heart function during prolonged exercise. When one exercises, his/her core temperature raises and in order to manage homeostasis, the body sweats to get rid of the excessive heat. Constant sweating drops the level of plasma in blood, directly leading to a decrease in the stroke volume. In order to maintain the cardiac output, the heart will need to pump faster to compensate for the lowered stroke volume. Therefore, the level of hydration can be critical to our heart rate and performance during exercise, and we are trying to discover evidence that can support this argument through this lab.

Heart rate is a measuring system for heart. It is measured by how many times then heart beats. A normal heart rate is usually between 60-100 beats. Abnormal is if the heart rate is too high or very low. Also, if the heart beats at irregular times. Some factors that change a person's heart rate are, the body temperature. It affects the heart rate because the warmer the body gets the heart beats more quickly. This happens because the body is trying to move more blood in the body to cool it down. When the body temperature is cold it also beats after because of it trying to keep the body warmer. Blood pressure is the pressure in the circulatory system. It is measured in systolic and diastolic. Systolic meaning when the arteries of the heart contract. Diastolic means the pressure in the blood vessels. The average blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg. Abnormal blood pressure is 120-139/80 doctors call it “hypertension” meaning almost high blood pressure, this is very dangerous for the heart since it puts a lot of strain on it. Some factors of high blood pressure are, obesity and smoking. Low blood pressure is if it is lower than the average. Doctors call this “hypotension”. Some factors of low blood pressure are heart problems, blood loss, and lack of nutrients. The test that is being done is how sugars and salts affect heart rate and blood pressure. There will be one partner that has the artificial sugars and salts and the other

The effects of heart rate on differing durations of exercise were studied in this experiment. For people, heart rate tends to increase as they perform physical exercises. The amount of beats per minute gradually increases as people perform physical activities. Heart rates taken before exercise are relatively low, and heart rates taken one minute after exercise increase significantly. Heart rates slowly begin to decrease after they are taken two minutes and three minutes after performing the step test, which is to be expected. The rates of intensity throughout exercise relates with changes in heart rate throughout the step test performed in the experiment (Karvonen 2012). The age of the participants affected the experiment, since the heart rate during physical exercise, in this case the step test, is affected by age (Tulppo 1998).

The cardiac cycle describes the coordinated and rhythmic series of muscular contractions associated with the normal heart beat.