Active Galactic Nuclei Research Paper

As this matter spirals into the black hole it creates what is known as an accretion disk, which accelerates and heats up emitting X-rays which can then be detected by astronomers.[6]

Throughout the modern era of astronomy, a single type of celestial object has puzzled astronomers more than any other. Black holes, whose existence was only verified in the early 1990’s, have fascinated scientists ever since Einstein first proposed the theoretical concept in the 1930’s. A black hole is an object so tiny, but also so dense, that it has the power to pull planets, stars, and even light into its core, and ultimately destroy everything in its path. Over the past decade much has been discovered about these enigmas of space and time; however, many of these recent discoveries lead to more unanswered questions. Nevertheless, the basic life cycle of a black hole is now understood in ways thought to be impossible only twenty years

Unlike normal matter, dark matter does not interact with the electromagnetic force. It does not interact with baryonic matter and it is completely invisible to light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation (National Geographic, 2012). This means it does not absorb reflect or emit light, making it extremely hard to detect. Scientists have not yet observed dark matter directly. Scientists can estimate where dark matter is based on its gravitational effects on surrounding matter using a technique called gravitational lensing; observing the way dark matter’s

They also say that the constellation Sagittarius, in the summer, is the direction of the center of our galaxy if one was to look at it. When substances cross the event horizon of the black hole it increases the mass of it, which expands the horizon, this means it is larger and can grab things farther away. Lastly, is the mini black holes that the STSCI and along with various theories believe might have been formed in the early universe, the Big Bang, which is the moment the universe was believed to be created. The event horizons of these black holes are quite small, the width of an atomic particle. They can only hold up to the amount of matter of Mt. Everest.

For the low-mass stars, the expansion to the red giant phase will begin when about 90% of its hydrogen has been converted to helium. During the contraction of its core, a complicated sequence of events occurs. The shrinkage required to produce the energy radiated by the large giant causes the core to shrink to the dimensions of a white dwarf, while hydrogen continues to burn by nuclear fusion in a thin shell surrounding the core. This shell provides most of the energy that is radiated away by

The amazing amount of radiation coming from the disk of gas is ripping the galaxy apart.

page paper.” A typical mass for such a stellar black hole would be about 10

A BL Lacertae object or BL Lac object is a type of active galaxy with an active galactic nucleus (AGN) and is named after its prototype, BL Lacertae. In 1926 BL Lac was discovered to be variable by Cuno Hoffmeister at Sonneberg. Astronomers origionally thought it was all just one star but realized it was a whole galaxy. The astronomers studied a galaxy called BL Lacertae (BL Lac), located about 950 million light-years from Earth. BL Lac is a blazar, the most energetic type of black-hole-powered galactic core. A black hole is a concentration of mass so dense that not even light can escape its gravitational pull. Supermassive black holes - about 200 million times the mass of our Sun in the case of BL Lac - in these galaxies' cores power jets

It also has the ability to collect sufficient light from the dim and distant stars. After information was captured, it was then reviewed on a computer. The focus was placed on the black vertical lines known as absorption lines which corresponded with different chemical elements in the outer shell of the star. The information that has been collected and analyzed over the past years shows both halo stars and dim dwarf galaxy stars have weak absorption lines. When the photon energy is close to the energy difference between the lower and higher states, the process is called resonance, this produces high absorption. When the opposite is true, the absorption is small (Frebel,

My project is on neutron stars, a beautiful sight but deathly touch. Neutron stars are created when giant stars die in a supernovae. Their cores collapse with the protons and electrons essentially melting into each other to form neutrons. These objects were born from stars that have grow four times the size of the sun before exploding into a catastrophic supernovae. When formed they begin to rate in space, as they get smaller the speed in the spinning increases because of the conservation of angular momentum. These stars slow down over eons, but those bodies that are still spinning rapidly may emit radiation that from earth begins to blink on and off (like a beam of light from a turning lighthouse), this gives names neutron stars the name pulsars.

Stars generate energy via nuclear fusion of elements. Stars of the magnitude great enough to become type II supernovae possess the mass needed to fuse elements that have an atomic mass greater than hydrogen and helium. The energy generated by these fusion reactions is large enough that it is able to counter the force of gravity and prevent the star from collapsing, maintaining stellar equilibrium. The helium produced in the core builds

High-mass stars don’t last as long in the main sequence stage because they use their energy fastly. After millions of years, a high-mass star expands into a supergiant star. In the core of this star, fusion produces heavier and heavier elements. Then when a iron ore forms, fusion stops and the core collapses. Then parts of the core bounces outward, and the star explodes into a supernova. This explosion can form a extremely dense body called a neutron star. Sometimes a supernova leaves behind a core where it collapses forming into a invisible object called a black

This account for the main loss in rotation energy and the observed slow-down in the rotation speed of pulsars \cite[see][]{Kaspi94, Lorimer04, Espinoza11A}.\\

Our sun is halfway through its life cycle and based on the studies of the stars, when it reaches the last stages of its life it will go supernova destroying Earth, but that won’t happen in about 5 billion years.

A galaxy, also called a nebula, consists of billions of stars, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter which are all bound to form a massive cloud in which we live in. Although it cannot be very well explained, dark matter makes up at least 90% of a galaxy’s mass.