Can Humans Produce Knowledge Through Passive Observation?

12. Why are both natural AND controlled experiments necessary to increasing scientific understanding, and how do their roles in the scientific process differ?

This helped form empiricism which says that what we know comes from experience and that observing and experimenting enable scientific knowledge

This author ascribes to the empiricism paradigm. This paradigm is similar to empirical knowing in that it is based on the premise that what is known can be verified through the senses, or

Whether research is experimental or developmental, there are no guarantees of perfect study processes or results, since both random and systematic errors are expected. Errors and uncertainties of a study’s outcomes surface almost every time. Faulty, aged or incorrectly calibrated instruments, during an experiment, can lead to important alterations of results. Distracting environments definitely influence the outcome. Finally, the human parameter in the sense of having ability to properly operate instruments and correctly interpret measurements definitely consist another factor of imperfect research (Bell 7-9).

Observational learning is simply learning by observing the behavior of other people called models (Bandura 1997,1986,1989 2000,2006). Bandura sees observational learning as one of the most important mechanism through which humans behavior changes. Cady watched how “the plastics”acted and that is why she eventually became one. This type of learning is more cognitive than conditioning because people have to pay attention to how the person acted at a particular time and make mental pictures to use them later on.

| The study of knowledge: What constitutes knowledge, the nature of knowledge, and whether knowledge is possible

Knowledge is a powerful tool, one which will unlock many doors for us as individuals and as the whole of the human race, but we must always remember the consequences of gaining knowledge. It is both our blessing and our curse, and we must never forget that knowledge is a power, what we do with that power will determine our fate and

This question can come from the observation in some cases, but will most likely still be followed by more observations after the question is formed. This question gives birth to a hypothesis which is an idea or explanation into what will or did happen. once this hypothesis is formed it is only natural for a scientist to want and see if their explanation is correct. This desire to test a hypothesis gives way to the experimental part of scientific method where in a scientist will scrutinize and test their own belief. This will often times lead to the scientist reforming their hypothesis into a different explanation or scrapping it altogether. Once the hypothesis has been proven by the experiment then it is up to the scientist to form the conclusion from the results.

We all use observation to a certain extent in our day to day lives. As human beings, one of the many stimuli that we use is sight, therefore one of the ways we learn about our surroundings is through observation. Many great characters from fictious literature and pop culture, such as Arthur Doyle’s “Sherlock Holmes” and Psych’s “Shawn Spencer”. While this level of observation may be unrealistic, the uses and benefits that come from it are still incredible. So, is one just simply born with these elevated levels of focus and mental capacity? Many don’t understand that much like playing the piano or painting a picture, observation is an art and skill in its own right. A skill that can be taught, acquired, and applied.

Knowledge can be produced using a variety of different methods. However, in the natural sciences sense perception through observation is used primarily. This can be seen through the work of researchers who often observe the results of experiments and trends in order to analyze different phenomena and perspectives. While there are many scientific methods based on scientific thinking using logic and predictability, the idea that

knowledge that can be acquired independently by different investigators if they follow a prescribed course of observation or

Science is the knowledge gained by a systematic study, knowledge which then becomes facts or principles. In the systematic study; the first step is observation, the second step hypothesis, the third step experimentation to test the hypothesis, and lastly the conclusion whether or not the hypothesis holds true. These steps have been ingrained into every student of science, as the basic pathway to scientific discovery. This pathway holds not decision as to good or evil intention of the experiment. Though, there are always repercussions of scientific experiments. They range from the most simplistic realizations of the difference between acid and water to the principle that Earth is not the center of

Learning itself, cannot be observed as it is a hypothetical concept, but behavioural changes can be observed which lead to the assessment and understanding of what learning has taken place. Therefore when Psychologists use the term learning, they are referring to the process of learning, i.e. that technique or strategy which has been used to facilitate the learning.

Behaviors are fairly different and are free from social infuluence, where shared knowledge will hahve no impact on personal knoewledge. Personal knowledge is all defined by personal experiences and thoughts. However, these thoughts usually occur because of shared knowledge. It can further be argued that shared knowledge will always play a larger role in impacting personal knowledge. This idea will be explored through Natural Sciences and the Arts. Further investigations will be taken to prove how shared knowledge shapes personal knowledge. The knowledge question is to what extent can shared knowledge shape personal knowledge? Shared knowledge is influenced by society, rather than individiual thought. As individuals if we accept shared knowledge are we also accepting an external objective reality? This question will also be explored through the two areas of

The nature and process of science are a collection of things, ideas, and guidelines. “The purpose of science is to learn about and understand our universe more completely” (Science works in specific ways, 3). Science works with evidence from our world. If it doesn’t come from the natural world, it isn’t science. You need to be creative and have flexible thoughts and ideas if you want to be a scientist. Science always brings up new ideas and theories and if you aren’t flexible to those ideas you can’t be a scientist. Science has been in our world for a long time. It is deep into our history and our cultures. The principals of science; are all about understanding our world using the evidence we collect. If we can’t collect evidence on something we simply cannot understand it. If we don’t understanding something about our world, science says that we can learn about it by collecting evidence (Science has principals, 4). Science is a process; it takes time. You don’t immediately come to a conclusion for your hypothesis a few minutes