Active Range Of Motion

Although the overall knee angle magnitude increase compared with pre-surgery, but the flexion/extension range of motion was no difference.35 The knee range of motion during stance was not a significant difference from 8 weeks and pre-surgery, but significant smaller from the control group.28 However, the knee range of motion during swing phase was significant larger than 8 weeks and pre-surgery, but still significant smaller than the control group.28 Therefore, the overall knee flexion angle magnitude increase is due to an increase during swing.

Knee extension while leg is driving up and knee flexion when leg is powering down.

features of the musculoskeletal system that moves the body and its importance in relation to correctly moving and

We need to know the normal range of movement of the muscles and joints so when moving, handling and positioning a person we know the limits of each limb. We need to take into consideration other factors that may inhibit a person’s movements as:

The rectus femoris crosses both the hip and knee. In order to test its passive sufficiency, either of the joints ranges of motion could be measured. In this example, range of motion will be measured at the hip. The rectus femoris will be most constrained when the knee is flexed and the hip is extended. For this test, the

b. The rectus femoris crosses both the hip and knee. In order to test its passive sufficiency, either of the joints’ ranges of motion could be measured. In this example, range of motion will be measured at the

Hip flexion/ Knee Extension; Hip extension/ Knee flexion. Major muscles involved include the quadriceps, the inner thigh, the hamstrings and gluteal region. Also, leg strength in the calve muscles is important.

Passive stretch was performed to client’s right ( R) UE while she was side lying on the mat to increase ROM in order for the client to use her ( R) hand as a stabilizer during fine motor coordination activities. OTS performed 10 reps of scapular elevation, depression, protraction and retraction, shoulder flexion, elbow flexion, wrist flexion, and thumb interphalangeal (IP) flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and finger 2-5 distal interphalangeal (DIP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) flexion, extension,

Manual muscle testing will be tested to assess the strength in muscles used for running such as the prime/strong muscles which are the hamstrings, gastrocnemius, soleus, quadriceps, and tibialis anterior. This will also determine the weakness in muscles such as the plantarflexors, dorsiflexors, knee flexion, and knee extension. Also, range of motion will be tested on the tight muscles such as the hamstrings, gastrocnemius, quadriceps, and tibialis anterior. When the muscles are tight, the runner will increase the risk of injury (Schipper, 2009). Gait analysis will be used to examine deficits to body function, stability, and describe how the patient will be running. This will help determine the patient’s biomechanics and achieve adequate mobility. Lastly, we will perform a pain assessment to see what pain level the patient is at when running. This will help determine whether the patient is minimizing stress on the body to achieve no pain at all while running. To monitor progress of these assessments, we must know that if these “muscles are weak or become fatigued easily, there is less control of the leg and the risk of injury increases" (Schipper, 2009, paragraph

Active Assisted Range of Motion is utilized under certain conditions. It is most often used when a client has a weakness due to pathology or injury. The therapist would help assist the client as the client actively moves the joint through a pain free range of motion, indicating pain when it arises. The use of light pressure touch over the joint capsule can add palpation of tissue for analysis during active assisted ROM.

This is so they can record their personal best and will aim to beat that with further training. This test uses fast twitch muscle fibres and also tests the anaerobic system. If you continue to test these then there will be a more rapid improvement in results. Sit and reach test: Advantages: The sit and reach test is a common test of flexibility.

The hypothesis was tested though various different results that were obtained through the experiment. The muscle strength of the individuals was tested initially and then related to the muscle activity preformed during the experiment. This help conclude that the hip muscle was the most important muscle when completing the task. The muscle strength of the hip in the elderly was less than the young which explains the time and speed differences between the subject groups occurred.

However, the control group was only required to be supervised on the initial session and then once a month for the entire 16 months. Everyone was encouraged to perform his or her exercise programs 5 to 7 days a week throughout the study. The FBF group included 2 months of flexibility training, followed by 2 months of small group exercises that included: flexibility, balance, and functional exercises. The AE group included 5 to 10 minutes of warm-ups, 30 minutes of exercises at 65 to 80% of their max heart rate, and 5 to 10 minutes of cool downs. The participants were allowed to use either a treadmill, stationary bike or elliptical for their aerobic exercise. The control group included exercises in the home setting using Fitness Counts.

For shoulder flexion 61% of the variance could be accounted for by the sit-and-reach. A correlation was also found between the modified sit-and-reach test and both the shoulder extension and hip flexion tests. For shoulder extension 33% of the variance was accounted for by the modified sit-and-reach and for hip flexion 22% of the variance was accounted for by the modified sit-and-reach.

Anatomical and tracking markers are used in infra-red light motion analysis to measure 3D displacement of tracking markers attached to Abnormal loading of the knee can cause knee joint injuries or disease. Tracking markers are placed on each thigh and shank laterally by adhesive coban tape to reflect infra-red light for tracking. Infra-red light is emitted by 9 cameras which are also responsible for detection of the reflected infra-red light. Anatomical markers are used as reference point for anatomical calibration by using a marked pointer. Anatomical markers are typically placed at the medial and lateral epicondyle gap. 3 bony landmarks can be marked to establish a segmental body axis system. Coordinates of the 3 segmental bony landmarks to tracking marker axis systems within the global coordinate system can then be related together. By assuming rigid body, fixed bony axis systems are then developed in relation to the tracking marker axis systems. Finally, during the walking trial, position of tracking markers relative to the global coordinate system can be measured.