Active Shoulder Elevation

The project began with the formulation of a PICO question in an area of interest to guide the literature search. The PICO (population, intervention, control, and outcomes) format was used as a strategy for framing a foreground evidenced-based question. Dissecting the question into its component parts and restructuring was an essential first step in the evidence-based practice project. After careful consideration of the clinical manifestations and practitioner professional experience, the PIO question emerged was, Does Kinesio taping decrease pain and improve engagement in functional tasks in patients with shoulder pathology? Fortunately, there was sufficient evidence within the literature to support the PIO question.

The patient was an active participant in both contact as well as non-contact athletic activities. The patient reported occurrence of different symptoms that included; pain, weakness, instability, paresthesia, crepitus, as well as instability of the shoulder during sleep. Sulculus sign was conducted to assess the rotator interval and load and shift test for determination of the patient’s posterior stability. The doctor diagnosed positive for multidirectional instability. The patient’s multidirectional instability was not caused by a traumatic event. The patient had not exercised the joint over a long period of time, hence he had a weak shoulder joint, particularly the rotator cuff. The doctor recommended that the patient should be treated for the pain and inflammation of the shoulder caused by the multidirectional instability and then placed on physical therapy aimed for one year aimed at helping in the strengthening of the muscles of the patient that support the scapula (shoulder blade) and the rotator cuff (shoulder joint) so as to help the patient in returning to normal physical activity and also prevent an injury at the same place

The participants then completed the functional evaluation by completing three one-leg hop tests on each limb. The longest distance was recorded and calculated as the percentage of the performance of the ACL reconstructed leg over the uninvolved leg, the scores were calculated as the limb symmetric index (LSI). The authors of this study defined the ceiling effect as the percent of participants who received the maximum score of 100 points. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to examine the correlation between both scales and the limb symmetric index and was interpreted as r > 0.5 which indicated a strong association. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was then used to examine the distribution

For shoulder flexion 61% of the variance could be accounted for by the sit-and-reach. A correlation was also found between the modified sit-and-reach test and both the shoulder extension and hip flexion tests. For shoulder extension 33% of the variance was accounted for by the modified sit-and-reach and for hip flexion 22% of the variance was accounted for by the modified sit-and-reach.

Glenohumeral joint kinematics change in an adaptive manner to chronic overhead activity, seen in multiple sports especially in baseball, volleyball, handball, and basketball(16-18). This involves all tissues of the shoulder – bone, capsule, and muscle(19). During normal human development the humeral head rotates from a retroverted position at birth to an anteverted position as an adult. However, when individuals begin overhead throwing at an early age, extrinsic forces on the humerus cause the humeral head to remain in relative retroversion compared to that of the non-dominant arm. This, combined with tightness of the posteroinferior capsule from chronic reactive scarring, and with scapular

of IT band flexibility with different levels of experience. The article summarized that the use of

*insert article *attachedBesides being able to see the inside of a shoulder, doctors use different physical tests to evaluate the shoulder in order to determine what type of injury and how severe an injury may be. One such test was recently developed by Dr. Carl J. Basamania at the Womack Army Medical center in Fort Bragg, N.C. The test was developed to evaluate shoulder instability in a patient. During the test the Dr. or examiner stands next to the patient who is to lay flat on his/her back. The hand of the examined should is held firmly by the examiner. The examiner then pushes against the clavicle to stabilize th scapula, while they also gently hold the pectoral muscle with their thumb in order to be able to assess relaxation. The examiner then rotates the arm form neutral to full external rotation. If the patient has AIGHL incompetence there is a lack of tightening as the arm reaches full external rotation. The test has appeared to be highly accurate and may be of value to Dr.'s and surgeons alike. After doctors have determined what type and what degree of injury a patient has sustained using various tests it is on to the next step, rehabilitation.

The shoulder girdle is an intricate anatomic structure representation to maximize three-dimensional motion of the hand and opposing thumb, and although the shoulder is often thought of as synonymous with the glenohumeral joint, it is in fact possessed of four separate joints, (acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, glenohumeral and scapulothoracic), as well as numerous muscles and ligaments that follow synergistically to limit gesture of the upper extremity. Make headway in cross-sectional imaging over the past decade have insurrection imaging of the shoulder girdle, mainly with deem to the soft-tissue structures. Trauma to the shoulder is common. Usually injuries range from a separated shoulder resulting from a fall onto the shoulder

The shoulder region has the greatest range of motion and the least stability (Degerlendirmesi, 2014). As I have mentioned in my initial post, due to the complex anatomy of the shoulder and biomechanics of the joints and soft tissues, it is crucial that proper imaging methods should be utilized (Degerlendirmesi, 2014). One purpose of imaging is to check for the presence of a fracture or dislocation in acute cases. (Degerlendirmesi, 2014). Obtaining the patient’s history and performing a physical examination in correlation with imaging findings is vital in avoiding errant treatment of lesions in the shoulder that are asymptomatic or neglecting other pathological

The aim of the study was to verify the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability for visual estimates, goniometric and inclinometry measurements of elbow extension. Through the analysis of reliability coefficients (ICC 1,1) and standard error of measurements, it would provide valuable indications on how measurement procedures or methods could be altered to further improve inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities while minimising SEM. In this test-retest reliability study, unexpected measurements would be examined, factors that might have affected the reliability of observational estimations, goniometric and inclinometry measurements would be evaluated and limitations of the study design would be addressed. Emphasis was specifically placed on how the reliability of goniometric and

To provide measurements for safe reintroductions of the athletes to their respected sports post ACL injury, Standard Functional Tests (SFT) have been developed. (8,9,10) Most of these tests combine complex movements

Next let's measure the amount of flexion or bending of the elbow. Position the patient in the correct position to measure this motion. Now place the goniometer on the patient so the axis or center of the goniometer is in the correct position to measure elbow flexion, remember this motion is when the patient bends the elbow bringing the palm towards the

Figures C and D entails that there was a significant statistical difference in core body exercises, compared to lower body exercises and the baseline testing during the UNPST. There was also a significant decrease for the lower body exercises from baseline for the condition of eyes open for the UNPST due to the the UNPST favoring the core exercises over the lower body exercises. Moreover, a practicable interpretation of the results may have been generated due to the 10 second rest period between the each of the balancing tests and trials.There was only 1 trial for eyes open and eyes closed, while using the Biodex balance m-CTSIB. While there were 3 trials consisting of eyes open, and 3 trials of eyes closed during the UNPST.Being that the UNPST consisted of 3 consecutive trials, which allowed more time for the participant to regain and improve their balance. A vast amount of the participants struggled to maintain their balance during the UNPST eyes closed trials; which was to be expected. Without the control of visual, vestibular, and the somatosensory input, balance may have influenced a challenge for

of the arm/forearm. When there is flexion at the elbow joint, the angle between the humerus and the

Strapping has the theoretical advantages in reducing glenohumeral subluxation (GHS) and preserving range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joint. There is different strapping technique that claims to reduce shoulder subluxation at the same time allowing upper arm to move actively and passively. According to Hanger et al. (2000), strapping of the hemiplegic shoulder is used as a method for preventing or reducing shoulder subluxation and may provide a certain level of sensory stimulation. It also stabilise glenohumeral joint, support surrounding musculature and decrease inflammation. Current understandings described that strapping has potential to reduce pain, increase range of motion (Griffin & Bernhart, 2006) and long-terms effects