Activity Related Energy Expenditure, Apetite and Energy Intake

The concept of energy intake and expenditure refers to the amount of calories per day that an individual consumes, and is the chemical energy in foods which can be metabolized to produce energy available to the body. As stated before energy is obtained from the foods we eat and is used to support an individual’s Basal Metabolic Rate, energy is measured in calories or joules as both units are very small they are multiplied by 1,000 and referred to as kilocalories. Different foods provide us with different amounts of energy, and the potential fuel sources available to exercising muscles are fats – 1 gram fat =9.0kcal = 23kJ,

Over the course of three days, the intake of daily foods was documented in the iProfile food journal tracking system. The iProfile provides information on a nutritional analysis report that examines the macronutrients of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats when measured to the Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) for overall health. The results will provide data to determine if the individual is consuming the recommended nutrients for strength, their metabolism, and to ensure that other body components are functioning.

This paper will focus on some important nutrients that are important for general health: fiber and protein. My personal daily intake will be analyzed to determine what foods are providing the right type of proteins and fiber, and how food consumption might be adjusted to provide for a healthier nutrient intake. It is important to state at the outset that the nutrient intake that is being used for this analysis is only for a one-day period. However, it will provide some insight into my eating habits and how those habits might be improved from a scientific standpoint.

In this report it will be analyzing my personal diet. I analyzed myself over a 3 day period. During this period, I analyzed my eating habits on national holidays versus my day to day life. I am a 20 year old female (not pregnant or lactating) I estimate my weight to be 195 lbs. and my height is 5 foot 6 inches. My daily activity level is sedentary. My job is as a leasing professional and in that profession there is some foot traffic but not much. There is also limited heavy lifting. Out of work I participate in limited physical activity. I rock climb on some occasions and attend the gym occasionally. My personal goals currently is to stay healthy. As I lessen my work load I would like to increase my physical activity with strength training and cardio. Pertaining to my nutrition within the 3 days due to their being a holiday I ate more meat than usual. I try to add more vegetables to my diet. Fruit are not often added to my meals due to how quickly they decompose. I eat mostly organic products and limited dairy. I try to avoid bread and pasta and use vegetables as substitute in recipes that require them.

During this week, I Edgar Burgos had to conduct a food intake for 3 consecutive days. This paper will describe my nutritional endeavor for the past three days. I will provide different aspects of my nutritional needs and an in depth analysis on how proteins fats carbohydrates and fiber take part in my everyday diet and what are these functions. This is intended to broaden my views of a healthy lifestyle, and how to achieve it through a variety of food groups.

As subjects and ideas are better understood they replace old outdated ideas that were only visually explained without a logical or scientific. Nutrition is one of these subjects that despite its large advancements is lagging behind in implementation. Ideas revolving around breakfast, the nutrition tree and number of meals per day are rather old and being followed simply because they have been done for so long. With new understandings of the metabolic processes of the body as well as research or prove new fact we are seeing that large problems such as obesity and diabetes can be easily preventable with proper nutrition.

His target for calories is 3,185 per day and he reached 1808 calories which was identified as under. According to the attached analysis, he consumed 122g of protein, 206 g of carbohydrates and 40 grams for fat which were all recognized as ok according to the analysis. For fruits and vegetables his status was considered under for both. For fruits the recommended amount was 2 ½ cups and he only consumed 2 cups and for vegetables the recommended amount was 4 cups and he only consumed 2 ½ cups. His fiber intake for that day was 18 g and the recommended amount was 38 g which was not adequate enough based on the recommendation.

During pregnancy the mother has certain nutrient needs. When a mother is pregnant in the second and third trimesters, she should take in an additional 340-352 kilocalories per day. Pregnant women should also have an extra 25 grams of protein per day and 175 grams per day of carbohydrates. Water intake also increases when a woman is pregnant due to the fetus’s needs, increased blood volume and amniotic fluid being produced. Pregnant women also need higher levels of vitamins. Infants need to have an increased energy supply during their first months of life because of rapid growth using so much of their own energy. During the first six months of an infant’s life, they should take in about 55% of their energy from fat. During the second six months, it should be about 40%. Carbohydrates, proteins, other vitamins and water should be increased also. Children should have around 45 to 65% of carbohydrates of energy. Children ages one to three should have about 1.3 liters of water per day and children ages four to eight should have about 1.7 liters of water per day. Adolescents also have their own nutrient needs. Girls need around 2100 to 2400 kilocalories per day and boy need around 2200 to 3150 kilocalories per day. Protein intake should be about 0.8 grams per kilograms per day. Vitamin and mineral needs are increased more during adolescent years than childhood. In adulthood and on, there is a decrease in the needs for energy. Protein is still at 0.8 grams per kilograms of body weight per day and fat needs do not change either. Carbohydrates and fiber do not change but the total amount that is needed may decrease. Water needs should stay around 1.7 liters per day, but as adults get older, they may lose their thirst. Most elderly do not need to change the amount of vitamins and minerals they take in but it is common for them to be deficient in

This gave a detailed look on how many calories were being used with every activity. Day 2 was the day the most calories were used at 2,780.13 Kcal (Table 2). The following day the least amount of calories were used at only 2,263.75 Kcal. To determine roughly how many calories are expended with every different activity, a chart was created called the Compendium of Physical Activity. A MET score is given for each detailed activity, once found it can be plugged into the following formula along with the person’s weight and the time in minutes spent performing the

In 1964 Fabry et al. randomly selected and surveyed a group of 179 males regarding their eating habits (3). Subjects were then divided into groups based upon the number of meals they consumed per day. Skinfold thickness measurements were taken to determine body fat percentage. Fabry et al. found that as meal frequency (MF) increased, the percentage of overweight subjects decreased within each study group (3). Since that time, the correlation between increased MF and weight loss has become a highly debated topic in weight loss or maintenance.

To maintain optimal health through a balanced diet it is important to keep the intake of macronutrients within the recommended ranges. The effects of eating too many macronutrients or not enough can cause under-nourishment or over-nourishment. “Over-nutrition occurs when long term human energy intake exceeds energy expended on basal metabolism, digestion, work and leisure” (Huffman, Huffman, Rickertsen, & Tegene, 2010, p. 5). Over-nutrition of any nutrient in some instances can create toxicity in the human body that may result in future morbidity. The macronutrient intake during the 3-day-diet ranges both inside and outside of the

By linking My Plate daily recommendation norms with nutrients consumed by DV during a 24-hour period, we can conclude that for a woman of age 31-50, who leads a sedentary lifestyle, which includes only the light physical activity associated with typical day-to-day life, the recommended daily calorie intake should not exceed 1,800 calories. From Table 1, we can see the total count of her 24-hour intake amount contains 2,163 calories, which is exceeding the recommended by 363 calories.

The BMI equation and the body fat equation. The VO2 max is the maximum amount of oxygen intake. During the research, fasting blood samples were drawn from all 53 healthy males to measure specific blood contents. In table 1, is a table of physical characteristics such as age, height, weight, BMI, LBM, VO2max, body fat, and caloric intake and has them labeled for each group where the values were expressed in ± SD values. The control group (non-athletic men) and the sportsmen age, height, and BMI are similar. The sportsmen have a higher lean percentage and their VO2max was higher compared to the control. The caloric intake for the control and the sportsmen differ because of the different levels of activity each group has. The control caloric intake is 3500 to 4200 kilocalories per day and the sportsmen caloric intake is 4400 to 5300 kilocalories per day (Balakrishnan, S. D., & Anuradha, C. V.). In figure 1, explains the relationship of basal glutathione and VO2max where the sportsmen group has less basal glutathione than the control group ( Balakrishnan, S. D., & Anuradha, C.

After all that food consuming for three straight days, here are my results. For energy, I consumed 2,720.67 kcalories (136%), 133.12 grams of protein (204%), 306.62 grams of carbohydrates (100%; perfect!), and 110.8 grams of total fat (152%). For fat, I consumed 36.31 grams of saturated fat (191%), 41.48 grams of monounsaturated fat, 22.55 grams of polyunsaturated fat, and 0.07 grams of trans fatty acid. For carbohydrates, I consumed 26.47 grams of fiber (70%) and 88.63 grams of sugar. For vitamins, I consumed 2.89 milligrams of thiamin (241%), 2.97 milligrams of riboflavin (228%), 35.42 milligrams of niacin (221%), 2.05 milligrams of Vitamin B6 (158%), 4.36 micrograms of Vitamin B12 (182%), 55.45 milligrams of Vitamin C (62%), 4.38 micrograms of Vitamin D (29%), and 900 micrograms of Vitamin A (77%). For minerals, 971.2 milligrams of calcium (97%), 19.48 milligrams of iron (244%), 399.08 milligrams of magnesium (100%; perfect), 3,651.06 milligrams of potassium (78%), 18.07 milligrams of zinc (164%), and 4,311.3 milligrams of sodium, (287%).

As obesity has shown to reach epidemic proportions not only in developed regions but even in developing countries, this study has been conducted to understand the relationships between energy, activity levels and carbohydrate intake (WHO, 2000). Personal data collected reflected that in comparison, the subject’s EE was consistently greater that the EI over the two experimental days, therefore the output was greater than that of the consumed categorising the subject as active and as their body mass index (BMI) was calculated to be at 20g/m2 , the subject was categorised as healthy (Lyons et al., 2012). With the percentage energy intake from protein being 17%, fats 33% and carbohydrates 47%, the subject was within the range of the