Acute Bronchitis And Common Respiratory Disease

Bronchitis is the inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi, the airways that carry airflow from the trachea into the lungs. The thin mucus lining of these airways can become irritated and swollen; the cells that make up the lining may leak fluids in response to the inflammation. Bronchitis most often occurs during the cold and flu season usually coupled with an upper respiratory infection. Bronchitis can be divided into two categories: acute or chronic each of which has distinct etiologies, pathologies, and therapies. I chose this condition because it seemed like an interesting topic to research on, and I am also interested in learning more

What clinical findings correlate with M.K.’s chronic bronchitis? What type of treatment and recommendations would be appropriate for M.K.’s chronic bronchitis?

Serious respiratory diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema, are a leading cause of morbidity and death worldwide. Asthma, a chronic disease that involves inflammation of the airways, bronchoconstriction, and intermittent (usually reversible) airflow obstruction, also affects numerous individuals worldwide. Both COPD and asthma are common obstructive lung disorders that affect over 49 million people in the US (1). While the pathology of asthma and COPD are distinct, both diseases share some features. Asthma is often a childhood disease, but some patients manifest symptoms or develop the disease as adults.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects an estimated 24 million individuals in the United States, where half of these people do not even know they have it (COPD Foundation 2014). COPD governs a deluge of ailments including: emphysema, refractory asthma, some forms of bronchiectasis, and the very prevalent chronic bronchitis. Chronic Bronchitis is a long-term pulmonary disease where there is a problem in the airway of the lungs, making it very difficult to breath, especially when one is trying to exhale air out of the airways. It is clinically defined as cough production of sputum occurring on most days in three consecutive months over two consecutive years (Chaudhry

Bronchiolitis is defined by the textbook as, “a diffuse, inflammatory obstruction in the small airways or bronchioles occurring most commonly in children” (Heuther & McCance, 2012). It is an acute inflammatory disease of the lower respiratory tract that occurs most commonly in infants and is caused by infection with seasonal viruses such as respiratory synctial virus (RSV) (Zorc & Hall, 2010). Bronchiolitis often results from an obstruction of the small airways. It is the leading cause of infant hospitalization in the United States (Zorc & Hall 2010) and is arguably the most common significant medical illness of childhood, with at least “1 in 7 normal infants developing symptomatic bronchiolitis in his or her first year of

Asthma mostly affects young children due to their undeveloped airways whereas the influenza virus is more likely to affect children between the ages of 6 to 14 years old because children within this age group have tendency of lacking awareness regarding the importance of hygiene compared to the elderly. Elderly patient’s immune systems starts to deteriorate within age therefore are more likely to acquire the influenza virus. Due to this vulnerability, hospitals offer influenza vaccinations, which have considerably decreased the number of influenza cases. Moreover, the elderly patients are more likely to have asthma because new triggers could irritate their airway, which perhaps may have not necessarily affecting them whilst they were younger leading to high rates of asthma

Studies show that a decrease in dyspnea has a direct relationship with improvement in HRQoL.

“We have to put an I.V. in your hand. Are you ready?”asked the nurse in the emergency room. This was the first time I had ever gotten an I.V.. I have never been so sick before. I did not know how to feel in the moment, my throat was hurting, my muscles and joints were hurting, and it was hard for me to breathe. This happened to me after I was diagnosed with bronchitis, on the day following my birthday party. Having to be hospitalized for Bronchitis has showed me that it is always best to tell others how you are feeling physically before it becomes detrimental.

There are several diagnostic techniques used to determine if an individual is suffering from chronic bronchitis and the severity of disease. The severity of chronic bronchitis can be determined and classified as mild, moderate, severe, or very severe by the utilization of pulmonary function tests. Evaluation of airflow obstruction with forced expiratory spirometry is a diagnostic technique that is commonly employed. Using spirometry, stage IV, very severely progressed chronic bronchitis, will result in a FEV1.0/ FVC ratio less than .70 and a FEV1.0 less than 30 percent of the patients predicted FEV1.0. (Medicine, 2014). Other diagnostic techniques may include a chest radiograph, which is used to determine if there are any other underlying conditions that could be causing chronic coughing, such as pneumonia. Taking a sample of blood from an artery to test the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide is a useful technique as well. Someone with very severe chronic bronchitis will have low oxygen and high levels of carbon dioxide in their blood (American Thoracic Society, 1995). A physician may also implement an electrocardiography (ECG) to test the function of the heart to conclude if a heart illness is causing shortness of breath. A chronic cough that produces excessive amounts of mucus, severe exacerbations and dyspnea, unhealthy weight loss, edema of the inferior extremities, and cyanosis are all

This paper aims to explore the etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology and the treatment of Bronchiectasis. This disease continues to affect various conditions that tend to affect and even cause damage to the lungs. For this paper, we will also present a variety of research studies, which will show statistics of this condition, and how it is being treated to reduce its effects among patients.

Many things can have a negative effect on the respiratory system; ranging from irritants to genetic causes. Asthma is a disease that causes the lungs to become inflamed. With asthma when the lungs come in contact with irritants such as smoke or dust the airways to tighten and narrow. Another problem that could occur with the respiratory system is bronchitis. When a human has got bronchitis, the membrane lining of the bronchial tubes becomes inflamed and more mucus is produced. One of the main causes for bronchitis is smoking. Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease affecting the lungs. Cystic Fibrosis causes mucus in the body to be abnormally thick. The mucus can clog the airways in the lungs and therefore make people more prone to getting

This paper will discuss a case study of Liam, a three-month-old boy who is transferred from the General Practitioner (GP) to paediatric ward with bronchiolitis. Initially, Liam’s chief health issues will be identified, following by nursing assessment and diagnoses of the child’s need. Focus will be made on the management of two major health problems: respiratory distress and dehydration, and summary and evaluation of the interventions with evidence of learning. Lastly, a conclusion of author’s self-evaluation will be present.

Over 5% of the American adult population has reported going to their doctor with acute bronchitis. Acute Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchial tubes, typically caused by viruses, such as the ones that cause the flu or pneumonia, but it can also be a bacterial infection. Things that hurt the lungs could also be a factor such as smoking, dust, air pollution and fumes. And if you’ve recently had the cold or flu you are more susceptible to contracting it. Acute bronchitis happens extremely fast and isn’t supposed to last long, usually 2-3 weeks.

characterized by the airflow obstruction that could be caused by either chronic bronchitis or emphysema or by both conditions (Lewis, 2013). This airflow- obstruction may gradually progress to partially reversible COPD condition (GOLD, 2010). If a COPD patient is exposed to any of the risk factors as cigarette smoking, respiratory infection, etc and even though if he is in effective collaborative management, acute exacerbations of COPD may occur leading to life threatening circumstances. In regard to Mr. Bill McDonald who is a 65 years old man and known case of COPD

Respiratory disorders are among the most common causes of illness and hospitalization in children. Overall, respiratory dysfunction in children tends to be more serious than in adults because the lumens in a child’s respiratory tract are smaller and therefore, are more likely to become obstructed. Moreover, because very young children can panic when breathing becomes