Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Nursing Care Plan

12. From a thorough history and physical leukemia can be suspected along with blood draws that show immature forms of leukocytes

Each year there is an estimated 31,000 new diagnosis of leukemia (Gould & Dyer, 2011). Leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells. Bone marrow the spongy tissue inside the bone is where the blood cells are made (The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society). Normal white blood cells fight infections in our bodies. In leukemia, the bone marrow is making abnormal white blood cells. The two main types of white blood cells that leukemia affects are; lymphocytes and myeloid cells (The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society). Lymphoblasts are the young cell that will develop into lymphocytes (The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society). They are classified as B- lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes (The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society). B-lymphocytes make antibodies that fight infections (The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society). The T-lymphocytes have many functions, but primarily assist the B-lymphocytes in making antibodies (The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society). The myeloid, or granulocytes cells, evolve from the immature myeloblasts to become infection fighting cells. Leukemia makes abnormal cells that grow at a quicker rate than normal white blood cells. Leukemia cells do not stop growing, and do not work like normal white blood cells. Over time these abnormal cells start crowding and blocking the production of red blood cells, platelets and normal white blood cells (The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society).

All these types of cancers are all harmful. The main differences between the four main types of leukemia have to do with their rates. Chronic leukemia cells do not grow all the way, so they are not as strong to defend against infections. Acute leukemia cells begin to clone themselves before any immune functions have fully formed.

An 18-year-old male college student comes to the student care center complaining of severe fatigue for the past 1–2 weeks and a sore throat for several days. On exam he has significant lymphadenopathy and a temperature of 38.1ºC (100.5º F). The patient’s serum agglutinates horse red blood cells. His peripheral blood smear is likely to show which of the following?

Blood cancer affects the productivity of your blood cells. Usually the cancer starts out in bone marrow. Blood cancer interrupts normal growth with irregularly growing blood cells. Leukemia starts in the bone marrow while Lymphoma begins in the lymph nodes. Lymphoma has two types Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin. Hodgkin’s starts out with an enlarged lymph node. Leukemia is either acute or chronic. The four main types of leukemia are as follows: acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Leukemia - this is the cancer that is established in blood-forming tissue such as bone marrow. This causes numerous abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood.

Cancer can be observed through a realm of different perspectives, ranging from religion to science. For our purposes, we will be evaluating the biological and psychological effects childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can have on children. Childhood ALL is the formation of abnormal white cells within our bone marrow. Unlike Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, childhood ALL occurs rapidly with great intensity. Normally, our bone marrow functions to produce a variety of cells including, white blood cells, which assist our immune system in fighting viruses, red blood cells, which transport oxygen and carbon dioxide, and platelets, which prevent bleeding in our body. “In a healthy child, the bone marrow makes blood stem cells

Most cancers develop tumors and are staged based on size and spread. However, leukemia staging is different because it develops within the blood cell. Acute leukemia is usually staged based on cell type, B-cell or T-cell, and how the cells appear under a microscope. The classification system used for this type of staging is called the French-American-British classification system. Factors that affect leukemia staging and prognosis is white blood cell count, platelet count, age, history of blood disorders, chromosome abnormalities, bone damage, and the status of liver and spleen such as is it enlarged. The reason why age is a factor is because older age may negatively affect treatment resulting in a negative prognosis (Leukemia Stages,

Attacking the bone marrow, blood, and other tissues by irregular recognize are properties of AML

The nurse assigned to the patient, Nurse Jackie, was a recent graduate nurse and this was her first time accepting solo patient responsibilities since being precepted just three days prior. Due to this, she was unable to recognize that the signs and symptoms the patient was displaying

If these symptoms are observed then checkup should be required. Nevertheless, accurate diagnosis of cancer is not simple, therefore doctor will collect person’s health history and symptoms, follows with physical examination that is necessary because the symptoms may be similar to other illness. If the doctor feels it is necessary then specifics test required for gathering information about leukemia, such as Bone marrow aspiration, biopsy, Cytogenetic analysis Immunophenotyping, Lumbar puncture, and Chest x-ray. After diagnosis, treatment starts. Bartram, Schrauder, Köhler, and Schrappe (2012) found the

Leukemia is a common blood cancer that affects both children and adults. Blood work, bone marrow biopsy, and other tests are used to determine what type of leukemia is present and how advanced it is . These factors plus your age determine how to treat your leukemia. Most treatment plans for acute lymphoblastic leukemia have 3 steps. These are induction, consolidation, and maintenance.

However, patients that have chronic stage have an onset and more indolent clinical course which usually last two to six years. Survival rates of patients with chronic leukemia also increases due to diagnostics sensitives and if patient are diagnosed at earlier stages in their disease. In patients with acute leukemia, patients show a loss in normal bone marrow function and often experience thrombocytopenia. Usually there are various normal circulating white blood cells are diminished in number, resulting in neutropenia. In chronic leukemia the anemia is often mild when presented. Platelet count is normal and white blood cell counts are often elevated to very high (>50,000/uL)1. Speel live or lymph nodes have also been seen to show enlargement, however, they are more consistently seen in patients with chronic leukemias. Studies have suggested that the origins of leukemia appears at the genetic level , as most cases are to be related to mutation and altered expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Since most oncogenes regular proliferation and differentiation in a cell an abnormal oncogene or tumor suppressor gene induced by translocation results in unregulated cellular maturation.. Host and environmental factors have also been associated to leukemias however they are not entirely understood.

Leukaemias are disorders which are characterised by accumulation of white blood cells in bone marrow or in blood. This is a result of haematopoiesis which is the mechanism of action for production of blood cells from a progenitor however in the case of leukaemia an uncontrolled proliferation occurs which is responsible for the sheer volume of leucocytes present in peripheral

Nurses who treat Pediatric oncology patients need to be compassionate and cognizant of their surroundings. These nurses are continuous giving hope to the patient. Additionally, since the nurse is continuously with the patient and the patients’ family it gives the people at security that there in the right hands. Since pediatric patients are young, at times its’ hard for them to verbalize what there are trying to say. Moreover, there are many tests the patient will have to endure to find the best approach to try and cure the malignancies. The most common approach is radiation-chemotherapy to reduce the size of the malignant tumor, then remove the tumor surgically if applicable. Since there is no clear understanding on how cancer forms and how