Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Research Paper

There are multiple symptoms for Non-Hodgkin lymphoma such as; having night sweats, weight loss without trying or a change in diet or exercise, a fever, feeling breathlessness or having a persistent cough, itching all the over body. if the glands in the stomach are swollen the sufferer may have abdominal pains or indigestion. some people with lymphoma have an abnormal cell in their bone marrow and may suffer from fatigue or persistent tiredness, increase risks of infections, and excessive bleeding through nosebleeds, heavy periods and spots of blood under the skin. (Jerry R. Balentine

Leukemia most common treatments are: Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, and Bone marrow transplantation, and then there is also Biological therapy. In chemotherapy, patients take one or more anticancer drugs by mouth or, intravenously through IV therapy. In some cases, doctors need to inject the drugs directly into the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Chemo can cause side effects, like losing your hair, nausea, fatigue, or easy bruising, depending on the drug. The side effects usually go away progressively between treatments or after treatments stop.

In this chapter, we focus on how the hematologist and pathologist alike can best identify and manage the disease in light of the clinical challenges that accompany its rapid and progressive course. We discuss the background of this unique and deadly disease and what led to the identification of this disease from pathologically similar entities. Morphology and recognition of characteristic disease features, including immunophenotypic findings, cytogenetics and morphology are discussed. The identification and distinguishing features of

Leukemia has many different types and those types have subtypes which subdivide into more division. Leukemia is defined as an increase in cancerous white blood cells (WBC’s) which fill the bone marrow and blood stream. I will be focusing on Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) whose mechanism I could not totally understand but will try to explain to the best of my abilities. The T lymphocyte or B lymphocyte is what becomes neoplastic in ALL. Mechanisms of leukemia include chromosome rearrangement creating a Philadelphia chromosome. The growth of the white blood cells is disrupted; hyperplasia occurs in many organs and tissues due to the lymphoblast compiling, which in turn disturb their regular function. In the bone marrow the uninhibited lymphoblast

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is the most common form of leukemia in adults, approximately 20,800 people are diagnosed each year, leading to the lowest survival rate of all of the leukemias. It is a category of cancer of the blood and also the bone marrow (the soft inner part of some bones), and inside the spongy bone where blood cells are created. The average age for this type of leukemia is 65 or older, and is also generally more common in males rather than females. Acute Myeloid Leukemia is cured in 35-40% of people less than 60 years old and 5-15% in people older than 60 years old. If untreated, it can be fatal, and also it can spread to other parts of the body, including organs and tissues. Doctors still do not know what causes AML due to the fact that most people with this disease do not have risk factors that can be altered. Treatment of the AML always depends on the subtype of AML, and some treatments mays include high-dose

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia is a scary disease. The term “acute” means the disease can quickly spread and progress quickly and can prove fatal in months if left untreated. “Lymphocytic” simply means that it develops from immature forms of lymphocytes. Also known as Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, or ALL for short, it is a type of cancer that starts from the early form of white blood cells called lymphocytes in the bone marrow. ALL is the most common form of cancer in children, though adults can get it as well. For children, treatment results in a good chance of a cure. Adults have a significantly smaller chance of a cure with ALL. ALL generally invades the blood very quickly and has the potential to spread to other body parts such as the spleen,

Leukemia cells are abnormal; they cannot help the body fight off any infections. Leukemia takes down your immune system very fast. With this in affect people who have leukemia do get many infections. The patient may also have too few healthy red blood cells and platelets. In acute leukemia the patient develops symptoms suddenly, and are diagnosed when they go to the doctor because they feel sick. In chronic leukemia, symptoms may not appear for a long time. When the symptoms do appear they are mild at first but gradually get worse. Some of the common symptoms are fever, flu-like symptoms, weakness, infections, loss of weight and appetite, easy bleeding/bruising, tiny red spots underneath skin, sweating mainly at night, and bone or joint pain.

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia or AML is a rare type of disease mostly affecting adults and its incidence increases with the increase in ages, although about 1.2% of cancer deaths are caused by AML [1].It’s also known as acute myelocytic, myelogenous or granulocytic leukaemia.AML is primarily caused by outgrowth and build-up of abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow which reduces the number of RBC, platelets and normal WBC. There are also several risk factors resulting in some chromosomal abnormalities which could be responsible for AML but the real reason is still a mystery. General symptoms consist of easy bruising, bleeding, anaemia, tiredness, prone to infection.AML could be fatal if left untreated and it has a very fast growth rate. Due to the

Leukemia is a common blood cancer that affects both children and adults. Blood work, bone marrow biopsy, and other tests are used to determine what type of leukemia is present and how advanced it is . These factors plus your age determine how to treat your leukemia. Most treatment plans for acute lymphoblastic leukemia have 3 steps. These are induction, consolidation, and maintenance.

Leukemia is a disastrous disease. It is indiscriminate to age, sex ,or body type. Every four minutes, someone is diagnosed with the blood cancer, 201,870 new cases are expected to occur in the United States according to the national cancer institute. Leukemia is a malignant disease of hematopoietic tissue, that is characterized by the replacement of normal bone marrow with neoplastic blood cells. Leukemic cells are known to commonly invade reticuloendothelial tissue, such as the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes. If left untreated it can eventually lead to death. For those individuals diagnosed with leukemia, 41.5% of them will have a life expectancy of five years.

In February 2014, International Agency for Research on Cancer (GLOBOCAN) published that 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred globally. Cancer is a generic terminology used to refer to the unrestrained proliferation of abnormal cells. This growth may be malignant or benign. The term used to refer to the malignant cancer of the blood cells is leukemia. As of the year 2012, the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) reports that leukemia represents a percentage of 2.5% of all cancers with 352 cases diagnosed per 1000. From a regional perspective, Qatar ranks at the 24th position for leukemia with a rate of 5.4 deaths per 100,000 as documented by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2011. This paper covers an introduction into leukemia supported by epidemiological facts and focuses on acute lymphocytic leukemia, the possible triggers and ongoing research within this field.

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is the most common type of cancer to affect children, with around 6000 new cases diagnosed annually, but it can also affect adults and the lymphocytes crowd out healthy blood cells, thus red blood cells don’t have room to grow, nor do other white blood cells or

Rosen declares “Leukemia is different from other types of cancer that start in organs such as the lungs, colon, or breast and then spread to bone marrow” (n.p.). Leukemia is a cancer of the blood stream and bone marrow (Rosen n.p.). Rosen admits leukemia cells often multiply and mature and goes into the bloodstream once they leave the bone marrow (n.p.). The bone marrow is the spongy squish part in the center of the bones (n.p.). The cells can partly mature but not completely (Rosen n.p.). Rosen mentions if the leukemia cells are in the blood they can spread to any organ in the body (n.p.). Leukemia starts in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow (Rosen n.p.). A change in the cells takes place in an early immature version of other

     Radiation is another type of treatment. Radiation therapy uses a special machine to deliver high energy rays that damage cancer cells and stop then from growing. These rays may be detected in the entire body, or they may be focused on certain area where leukemia cells are collecting.( Disease facts and statistics, 30)

Leukemia was diagnosed for the first time in Edinburgh by John Bennett. Later in 1868, a vital discovery was made about changes in bone marrow and the red blood cells on leukemic patients. “The earliest report of the illness to have been made by Velpeau. Velpeau reported a case of a 63 year old woman who had a fever, swollen stomach, as well as being generally weak” (Thomas 63). At the time they have not discovered leukemia, so they were unsure what it was. Scientist has also found dinosaur bones from over millions of years old that had leukemia. Neumann discovered that changes in bone marrow are linked with the source of blood. Leukemia comes from Greek words “leuko” and “Heima” that means white blood. The Greeks were given credit for leukemia. “Leukemia is a cancer of blood and bone marrow. It affects white blood cells called lymphocytes” (Childhood, Pediatric). Leukemia is started when the DNA of white cells are mutated or damaged. A child that has a sibling with leukemia has a greater chance of developing it than someone without a sibling but the risk is still low. The risk of a twin to developing leukemia is a lot greater than just being siblings. Leukemia is one deadliest cancers. There are more than 300,000 americans living with this cancer. There are about 150 people diagnosed with leukemia us the U.S and about 70 people die everyday. This cancer is more common for children who are Hispanic and adolescents with the five