Acute Renal Failures

Injury to the glomerulus and the tubules presents the onset of Intra-renal failure (Matzke, 2011). Some of the frequent causes for Intra-renal failure are glomerulonephritis; pyelonephritis; and tubular injury. Post-renal failure develops from things like ureteroliths, tumors, or anatomic impediments. Opposite of the acute form, the chronic form has a slow onset that has no early stage symptoms. It is important to know that following an acute episode a chronic renal episode often follows, and at this juncture the damage is irreversible. Glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis combined, has been reported to be the forerunner in as much as half the cases from acute to chronic renal failure. Diabetes mellitus, renal vascular disease, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, polycystic kidney disease, drug damage, and nephrolith are all examples of other causes of CKD (Pradeep, 2014). Biopsies of kidneys that suffered with CKD reveal smaller kidneys with scarring on the tubules.

The job of a kidney is to filter the blood and get rid of waste products; it also balances levels of electrolyte in the body, it controlling blood pressure, and stimulates the production of red blood cells. Your kidneys filter wastes and excess fluids from your blood, which then exit your body

The functions of the renal system, which are performed by the kidneys, are to regulate and maintain the balance of electrolytes and the pH of the fluid that has been processed. It assists in the production of new red blood cells and it also involved in the maintenance of blood pressure.

The physiological overview involves the kidneys processing blood by eliminating any excess mineral salts, urea and water as this provides homeostasis and it enables the body to work effectively. The nephron (which is part of the kidneys) for

Prerenal acute renal failure- accounts for 60% of cases of ARF- is the most common cause of ARF and is caused by impaired renal blood flow. The GFR drops because of the decrease in filtration pressure. Poor perfusion can result from hypovolemia, hemorrhage, renal vasoconstricition, hypotension, or inadequate cardiac output. This type of renal failure may occur when chronic renal failure exists if a sudden stress is imposed on already marginally functioning kidneys. If blood volume or blood pressure and oxygen delivery is not restored, cell injury and acute tubular necrosis or acute interstitial necrosis may be caused (Perrin, 2009).

Differentiate between the causes, signs and symptoms, and diagnostic findings in pre- renal, intra-renal, and post-renal failure.

The renal system also known as the urinary systems purpose is to eliminate wastes from the body, regulate blood pressure, and regulate blood pH.

Often times we may ignore the signs our body is trying to tell us. Mainly due to fear of the unknown. Our kidneys play an important role in our body. They are used to filter out waste through urination. There are many exams that physicians use to help diagnose renal failure and there are some less commonly used because they have no effect of diagnosis of renal failure. Ultra- sounds are the number one imaging modality to help in diagnosing renal failure and angiography of the kidney is the least used imaging modality. In order to prevent our body from shutting down it is imperative we pay attention to the signs of what our body is trying to tell us.

the renal issues began. One of the function of the kidneys is to regulate blood volume and pressure.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a disease that is described as a loss of kidney function gradually over time. As kidney function decreases, the waste collection in the body’s blood becomes high and makes the individual feel sick. This disease can lead to other complications in the body such as anemia, poor nutritional health, high blood pressure, and nerve damage. These complications will begin to progress and show as CKD progresses to advanced stages. Early detection of this disease is essential when it comes to treatment. If CKD is diagnosed early enough the disease progression can be slowed down and managed. This disease will eventually lead to failure of the kidneys

The pathophysiology of acute renal failure is still uncertain though it is thought to be

Nephrotoxins, acute interstitial nephritis, glomerular damage, and vascular damage also correlate with intrarenal acute renal failure (Singh, Levy, & Pusey, 2013). Postrenal acute renal failure is usually a result of a urinary tract obstruction that affects the kidneys bilaterally, which causes the intraluminal pressure upstream from the site of the obstruction to increase with a progressive decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (McCance, Huether, Brashers, & Rote, 2014). A pattern consisting of several hours of anuria with flank pain followed by polyuria is typically found in individuals with postrenal acute renal failure (McCance, Huether, Brashers, & Rote, 2014).

High blood pressure which is called hypertension is another common disease which can cause chronic renal failure. This

research paper, is to provide a general overview of the causes of kidney failure, shedding light on it

To understand what renal failure is, it is important to know how the kidneys work and what the main functions are. The body has two kidneys on either side of the spine and the kidneys work to remove toxic waste and excess water by producing urine. The kidneys also help with controlling blood pressure and produce erythropoietin as well as aiding in keeping bones strong by producing calcetrol hormones. When the kidneys are unable to perform these functions it causes the kidneys to fail.