Acute Stress Responses For Healthy Individuals May Be Adaptive And Typically Do Not Impose A Health Burden Essay

Schneiderman, N., Ironson, G., & Siegel, S. D. (2005). STRESS AND HEALTH: Psychological, Behavioral, and Biological Determinants. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1,

They have also found that there are strong links between prolonged stress and disorders, mentally and physically. Kiecolt-Glaser et al 1995 also carried out research into the relationship between Stress and the Immune System. Kiecolt-Glaser et al 1995 = == ==

There are many different broad definitions of stress and how to cope with it, known as stress management.

Animals and Humans have a biological stress response intended to facilitate survival in the case of a life threatening attack or severe illness. This is commonly referred to the “fight or flight” response. Some primates, including humans have developed the unhealthy propensity to trigger this response for psychological or social reasons. Humans in particular experience the stress response exponentially more often for psychological reasons than for the purpose of survival (Stress, 2008). For example, we are may feel “stressed out” about work or school and if we think about it too much and get upset, we may experience a stress response Just by thinking about something that is bothering us, we can trigger the biological “fight or flight”

Most studies of the relationship between stress and the immune system have focussed on acute(i.e. short lived) stressors and have found a decrease in immune cell function.

All of this stress has a significant impact on one’s overall health and wellness. From cancer to child mortality, nearly every

Stress is your body’s way of responding to any kind of demand; it can be caused by both good and bad experiences.

Stress is a subjective response involving interactions between an individual and the environment that is appraised by the individual as being detrimental to their mental and physical wellbeing (Selye, 2013). A combination of genetics, life stressors and ongoing stress can increase vulnerability to psychiatric disorders such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety (Haddadi & Besharat, 2010), alongside physiological disorders such as cardiovascular disease (Seery, 2011). However, the response to stress can be mediated by overcoming the adverse effects of risk exposure, avoiding negative trajectories and learning to cope successfully with traumatic experiences. This process of adapting to the environment following a stressful

The hormones released during the acute stress response is considered the “master switch” in controlling the person’s behavioral and physiological adaptation to stress. (Mannironi, et al., 2013) The targets of these hormones are the cognitive, wake sleep, and reward and fear centers of the brain. (Chrousos, 2009) The growth, gastrointestinal, cardiorespiratory, metabolic, reproductive and thyroid hormone axis, and immune systems are also effected. (Chrousos, 2009) Optimal basal

life experiences have significant effects on the human state of awareness, a verity of biological systems are affected, these systems are the autonomic nervous system and the immune system, due to these system having a biological relationship as they all interact within the human body; depending on the level of stress these systems can have varying degrees of effects. the human body is complex and no system is emplaced without a need for it such as stress, our bodies need an appropriate amount of stress to function though it's optimum level and length can very quite differently depending on the person and how they react to it and are able to

Exogenous threats can shape stress responses across the lifespan, and influences the rate of aging (ES-2014-aging). Environmental stressors include any factors that cause cell injury, such as heavy metals, radiation, heat exposure, reactive oxygen species, osmotic fluctuation, as well as social and psychological stressors (ES-2014). These trigger the stress response and related behavioral pathways through neural networks and interconnected neurohormonal and immune patterns. The capacity of human beings to learn about, imagine, remember, and anticipate stressful situations and their warning signs can create chronic states of vigilant arousal in the body. Besides, there are multiple individual differences that make some people more vulnerable to stress, where the identical stimuli cause exaggerated stress responses (ES-2014).

There are three levels of stress (Peiffer, 1996, p.4). Unmanaged stress occurs in the third stage, the exhaustion stage, where the stress is too great to cope with and over a long period of time (Winsborough & Allen, 1997, p.11). The body is constantly on its "high arousal" stage to provide energy for high performance. The body's homeostatic state is disrupted and does not maintain the balance, causing severe impairments on physical and mental health (Powell, 2000, p.8). Evidence has suggested that unmanaged stress can exert a number of negative consequences to people's health, including impaired organs, such as heart, and kidneys, and impaired body functional systems (Peiffer, 1996, p.6). Life tragedies that people cannot let go with for years,

The hypothesis of stress induced treatment failure was much not studied worldwide even though there were number of theories outlined several proposed determinants of physiological stress reactivity, which are individual, developmental, environmental and substance use related in nature (Alpert and Wilson. 1992; McEwen. 1998; Lazarus and Folkman.1984). The abnormal physiological stress reactivity is vastly investigated as a potential vulnerability marker for various physical and psychological health disparities (Lovallo. 2011), anxiety and depressive disorders (Greaves Lord, et al. 2007; Kagan, et al. 1987) and disruptive behavioral effects (Ortiz and Raine. 2004).

The trouble begins when multiple life incidents hit us all at once and this is because during periods of dramatic changes, individuals are more vulnerable to stress (Jones & Bright, 2001). Therefore, stress has got the ability to activate pretty every system within the body, however, through a rather rudimentary mechanism which lies within the cellular level (Shreedhar et al., 2010).

Long-term activation of this stress-response system can lead to the disruption of almost all of the body’s processes. If this happens, the individual has an increased risk of developing numerous health problems. So, to prevent this from happening, the problem must be nipped in the bud.