Acyl Compounds

Beran, J. A. Laboratory Manual for Principles of General Chemistry. 9th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley; 2010

Keep adding five drops of HCl or the solution until a total of thirty drops have been added.

Carboxylic acid is organic chemical compound that contain a functional group that is carboxyl group –COOH which is made of hydroxyl group and carbonyl group both attached to the same carbon which is attached to hydrogen atom or alkyl group thus the general formula of the carboxylic acid is R–COOH with R represent alkyl group or a hydrogen atom. Carboxylic acid functional group is partly ionized in solution so it is a weak acid, however it's acidity is considered as the chef chemical characteristic of it as it is generally more acidic than the other organic compounds that contain hydroxyl group and more acidic than the common organic functional groups but it is generally weaker than the common mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid (HCl).

* By using the dropper and measuring cylinder, 7 ml sodium carbonate solution was added to the test tube

Hydrogens, alkyls, or aryls bonded to carboxyl groups—made up of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group—are known as carboxylic acids. Derivatives of carboxylic acids include acid chlorides, esters, anhydrides, amides, and generally nitriles. These derivatives are formed by the replacement of the hydroxyl group with a different electronegative heteroatom substituent, which can be a single atom, such as a chlorine atom, or a group of atoms, such as in the formation of

Gilbert, John and Stephen F. Martin. Experiment Organic Chemistry: A Miniscale & Microscale Approach. Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2010. 537-547. Print.

The wet, crude product was placed into the 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Small amounts of CaCl2 were added to dry the solution. The flask was sealed and the mixture was swirled and left to settle. Once

A pre-weighed (0.315g) mixture of Carboxylic acid, a phenol, and neutral substance was placed into a reaction tube (tube 1). tert-Butyl methyl ether (2ml) was added to the tube and the solid mixture was dissolved. Next, 1 ml of saturated NaHCO3 solution was added to the tube and the contents were mixed separating the contents into three layers. Once this was completed

Dictionary of organic compounds, 6th edition, Chapman and Hall, London, Volume 3(& Volume 6), 1996 Maria Lindsay and Sean P. Hickey, Organic chemistry lab 2 manual, department of Chemistry University of New Orleans

2. Morroson, R.t., Organic Chemistry, 1960; Kimber, Gray, Stackpole, Textbook of Anatomy and Physiology 1943.

Dr. Coupland has had a vast exposure to research, ranging from sausages to emulsions (currently researching). Initially, though, he was exposed to research as a senior in the undergraduate program at Leeds University. Dr. Coupland conducted a senior-project which analyzed fat crystallization in emulsions with a direct correlation to fat-free yogurt.

The primary goal of the experiment was for the team to develop soaps and detergents to aid in clean-up of a hypothetical oil spill. The team had to determine which soap or detergent was the most effective at cleaning, as well as, which one had the least impact on the environment. To determine the desirables of the soaps and detergents, the team set out to determine the solubility of the starting materials in various polar and non-polar solvents.

An ester was synthesized during an organic reaction and identified by IR spectroscopy and boiling point. Acetic acid was added to 4-methyl-2-pentanol, which was catalyzed by sulfuric acid. This produced the desired ester and water. After the ester was isolated a percent yield of 55.1% was calculated from the 0.872 g of ester recovered. This quantitative error was most likely due to product getting stuck in the apparatus. The boiling point of the ester was 143° C, only one degree off from the theoretical boiling point of the ester 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 144 ° C. The values of the

This study will be focused in the use of guava leaves and the avocado fruit

In emulsification assays, in order to create emulsion, the biosurfactant must reduce the oil-water interfacial tension to low values, also the biosurfactant must rapidly diffuse to