Adaptation In Ladakh

There are three different divisions that make up the Middle Eastern ecological trilogy. One division is the villagers. The villages consist of large family units that live in rural areas, farming the land. Another division is the pastoral nomads. Pastoral nomads are tribes of people that wander the land, looking for areas to graze their livestock. The last division is the Urbanites. Urbanites are the people who live in large towns and cities and produce many technical innovations. Each of these branches are dependent on each other to get the goods they need to survive.

Animals fight for survival daily, and sometimes their lives depend on their ability to adapt with their surrounding environments. Natural Selection is the process in which individuals have certain traits that allow

Evolution: the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.

18.  What role did Central Asian and West African pastoralists play in their respective regions?

Prompt: Compare and contrast how the Coastal Makah and Plateau Nez Perce relied on their environment to provide food, shelter and clothing.

One of the best forms of family structures is polygyny which has been eroded through modernity and changes in culture. A unique culture, polygyny, particularly practiced in the Sub-Saharan Africa. According to Grey (2008), “Of the twenty-nine nations in the world classified as having high rates of polygyny, twenty-seven are located in sub-Saharan Africa, where the incidence of co-wives is ten times that found in other polygynous

One way pastoral nomads lived a different lifestyle than transhumant herders was through agriculture. First, agriculture was a big part of the nomad’s lifestyle. The earliest sign of agriculture is in Southwest Asia and was their main form of survival which included planting crops and domesticating animals. Agriculture gave people a regular food supply, and eventually was able to produce surpluses of food (pg.7). Thus, surpluses of food allowed for large populations and for labor specialization. Large populations and labor specialization led to social classes which ranked from highest to lowest was: elites (kings, religious leaders), commoners (craftsmen/farmers), and slaves. As wealth and social standings grew, so did the gender gaps. Women were thought of as being the first to begin the systematic care of plants, while men began to capture animals and domesticating them (pg.7). Transhumant herders lived a much different lifestyle than those of the nomads.

Kitamaat has rich biodiversity areas, where it is home to many mammals such as bears, wolves, deer, foxes, and wolverines that live in the forest help feed the Haisla community. To sustain their generations, provide food, shelter, and livelihood, Haisla people worked hard to harvest food, build their villages and develop resources to survive. Haisla land is connected to our past, their culture, and now is their future. Haisla economic opportunities give respect to their water and wildlife that makes the home of the Haisla.

Miner’s article presents numerous anthropological concepts including culture, social behaviors, symbols, material culture and holism. While providing us with a synchronic view of an unexplored culture, Miner tackles the principle mindset that governs the “Nacirema’s” social customs and “rituals”, looks at key symbols and material possessions as the focus of the culture, and highlights the importance of studying a culture in its entirety to gain a full and accurate understanding.

Adaptation is the ability to adjust for existence under environmental conditions. Like how animals adapt in the wild, humans are also capable to be tolerant in difficult situations. We do not know our limit of cruelty or kindness. Although most people choose to be kind and sympathetic to others, there are also people who are cruel and cold-hearted. Mark Zusack states this idea in his book, The Book Thief from death’s point of view, “That’s the sort of thing I’ll never know, or comprehend- what humans are capable of.”

I would like to address topic A, regarding the placement of subsistence strategies into four discrete categories: hunting and gathering (foraging), horticulture, pastoralism, and agriculture. While this quick categorization of human subsistence behavior has benefits to introduce these concepts, it falsely assumes that each behavior exists independently and ignores their location on a continuum, often blending from one strategy into the next. In this essay I will introduce each subsistence strategy, show examples of it and finally show ways that even among groups of people who would seem to fit the archetype of each behavior they often adopt strategies of others in a sort of mixing and matching process, especially in times of duress.

Behavioral Adaptations is the term for when an animal adjusts to environmental stress (Hess). This can be related to the entire Die Hard series, where John McClane is thrown into several stressful situations he had not faced before. Humans are probably one of the best at adapting to obstacles due to our advanced problem solving skills. John shows this by figuring out a new way to deal with the situations he’s thrown into and overcoming all the obstacles. Petroleum and Natural Gas are created with the accumulation of organic material is sedimentary deposits(Hess).

There are many definitions of what constitutes an adaptation and a great debate amongst many famous biologists and philosophers, each championing their own definition of adaptation. Historical definitions include the ‘design’ oriented approach of Williams, who claims

Evolution refers to change over time as species modifies and separate to produce several offspring species.

Polygamy is the practice of having more than one spouse and is culturally accepted in many parts of the world, but is illegal in the United States. There are two well known forms of polygamy, both of which are still presently practiced in numerous cultures globally, polygyny and polyandry. These practices take place in societies where it is important to have either more men or more women in a families’ household based on the kind of environment they reside in. This paper is going to take a look at who practices polygamy, the history of polygamy in the United States, and how this kind of polygamous lifestyle affects the children that are the products of these family structures.