Adaptations And Applications Of Physical Extremes

At an area in which it inhabitable for normal organisms, but rich in minerals or other things that organisms need, organisms and bacteria can accidentally find their way in. Most of these things die and for thousands of years all of them might die but as soon as one manges to survive it will begin to create more heat resistant bacteria that can live in the mineral rich high-temperature water which is called, "natural selection"

In this lab, we studied the health and response of a protist community in an environmental change. The objective of this lab was to study and learn about how variables, such as a more acidic environment, impact the community in a habitat. Furthermore, it was also to learn about how diversity is quantified. To test this, we added protist communities to habitats of different pH levels, from 7 to 4, and let them live there for a week. We then studied the results and investigated which protists lived better in which environments. We discovered that at a pH of 7, the neutral pH of spring water, protists were able to live. As the pH was decreased, however, protists began to die off and could not survive in such acidic conditions. We also noticed that the lower the pH, the lower the diversity because fewer types of protists could survive. We can use this information to see how acidic conditions in nature such as those caused by acid rain can affect communities. We now know that an acidic environment can be extremely harmful to a community and so we should be more cautious of acid rain. If acidic conditions are bad for protists, it is quite possible that they are unfavorable for humans as well.

Bacteria are small, unicellular prokaryotic microbes. They have many morphologies, which include rod-shaped, spherical, spirals, helices, stars, cubes, and clubs. Classification of bacteria begins with either aerobic (requiring diatomic oxygen for growth) or anaerobic (not requiring O2 for growth). Bacteria can simply be narrowed down to gram positive (organism that stains purple or blue by Gram stain) or gram negative (organism that stains red or pink by Gram stain). Many physical and nutritional factors influence bacterial growth. Physical factors include temperature (psychrophiles, thermophiles, and mesophiles), pH (neutrophiles, acidophiles, and alkalinophiles), O2 concentration (aerobic

Reviewing the requirements for a hotspot makes the fact that the North American Costal Plain is 1 of only 36 hotspots in the world makes this fact so much more aspiring. When looking at a map it is clear that the North American Costal Plain starts in Mexico and goes all the way up into Massachusetts, and Louisiana is completely nestled into this plain. Looking closely into different regions of the North American Costal Plains shows that even though these regions are all a costal plain they each have their own setting and unique characteristics. To reflect on why the biodiversity varies, this paper will explore some of the North American Coastal Plain briefly.

These biologists are particularly interested in the ancient microbes that are laying dormant in Naica, Mexico. For these life forms to survive, it appears that they were able to exist by living off on minerals such as manganese and iron.

Some species might thrive in conditions that other struggle to survive. For example some predators might need more oxygen then a smaller prey. With less predators being around, there is a huge burst in prey, which can eat up all of the bacteria. When the bacteria all die, the prey can’t find any food and all die out. This causes a very unreliable food chain and can be dangerous to live in. In hypoxic zones what tends to happen is that marine life such as fish or shrimp die out quickly while the smaller organisms live. This causes whole species to die out leaving a dominance of gelatinous creatures such as jellyfish to thrive in.

My favorite non-fiction piece is The Hot Zone by Richard Preston, which tells the (mostly) true story of how a case of hemorrhagic fever spread as well as the extensive process involved in finding and implementing cures. Growing up with two parents involved in medicine left me assuming that I knew the expanse of every field. The areas of pathology and epidemiology, however were completely new to me. The realization that the monstrous disease was based on something real was a wake up call of sorts that inspired me to delve into epidemiology and public health. I had never truly felt passionate or even remotely confident about my plans for the future, but this new knowledge gave me a foundation to build on. Of course the book was entertaining

Many species of plants host microorganisms living inside the plant forming a mutually beneficial endosymbiosis. Bacteria or fungi that reside within plant tissue (roots, stems, and/or leaves) are referred to as endophytes. These endophyte communities may help to improve a plant’s fitness by promoting growth, protecting against disease, or facilitating nutrient acquisition. More specifically, endophytes within the plant community can help plants respond to stress that develops from biotic or abiotic influences like pests, heat, drought, saline, and soil conditions (Russell et al., 2003) Endophytes can help plants become better able to tolerate stress by allocating resources from one place to another (Rodriguez et al., 2009). Therefore,

Finally there is the Hyperthermophiles. Found in very hot temperatures such as hydrothermal vents in deep oceans. With this said, the two microorganisms that I worked with would be known as Mesophiles. Both of these microorganisms grow on or in the human body. They prefer moist heat that is body temperature. I made an incubation box to help mimic the temperatures needed. Typically trying to maintain the temperature of thirty seven degrees Celsius.

living organisms to be able to adjust to acidic rain that quickly in a short time span. According

Within our oceans, lies an intriguing, vital bacterium. That bacterium is called Prochlorococcus Marinus. P. Marinus is a small cyanobacterium cell. This means that the bacterium is able to thrive on sunlight and produce oxygen as a result. Specifically, these organisms are found within the euphotic zones of tropical oceans. This is how the bacterium is able to access sunlight and carbon dioxide and convert it into oxygen. These organisms are very successful because they are extremophiles. This means that P. marinus can survive in extreme conditions. Generally, Prochlorococcus is found to be within a temperate range of 10-33 °C. Some strains of P. marinus are able to thrive in depths with low light.

In the article “How a Water Bear survives, Even When It’s Dry” illustrated a way genes with the ability to help living organism adopt and survive harsh environment. Tardigrades a microorganism that able survive in the cold and warmest environment for decent through the process of anhydrobiosis. When this organism approach the frozen or dry state, itself form a ball shape structure. The unique genes of tardigrade allow them to create proteins that known as tardigrade-specific intrinsically disordered proteins which can protect and hold the water bear’s cells intact to prevent any damage from happening during the state of desiccation, until it rehydrate itself it will remain this this

Source #1 and source #2 are all about how organisms (plants and animals) survive in their for an example in source #1 it says an ice fish can live in its environment which is Antarctica because they have something in their blood so crystals of ice can’t be formed in its body. source #1 also says that penguins snuggle together to keep themselves warm in their arctic environment. last a crab's environment can help it because some crabs live towards the bottom of the see but there are warm volcanos down there

The strong racial divides under which clearly demarcated social, politic and economic power dynamics have been made to evolve into a nation of bigotry, prejudice and discrimination gave place to a birth of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States of America. Through the violence against specific minorities- more specifically African-Americans- have been pervasive, nonetheless the South came to epitomize the essence of the exacerbated levels of racial discrimination, segregation, injustice and inequality which have plagued an entire nation for centuries. Therefore, as it is often the case in the context of spaces of extremes is where we find that countermovements are formed and emerge as part of an ongoing battle for justice: seeking

The effect of environmental factors such as temperature, osmotic pressure, oxygen concentration and pH on microbial growth and survival