Adaptive Response to Disorders

Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder. It can have a devastating impact on one’s emotion, physical, occupation and social life. While it occasionally can be seen in the clinical setting as a primary diagnosis, it most often presents as a comorbidity to a medical or psychiatric issue;

Mr. M, a 54 year old man is taken to a sleep disorder facility for examination of daytime somnolence and insomnia. He has been battling with anxiety and depression, a disorder he is being treated with. He reports that he has been suffering from Insomnia for several years and only turned worse about 7 years ago. He is troubled with sleep initiation, which usually takes him over one hour to fall asleep. As soon as he is asleep, he wakes up several times, which makes him to struggle again to go back to sleep. He turns in bed without sleep until dawn when he gets up feeling fatigued and drained. The major diagnosis is DSM 5 insomnia disorder. Given the comorbid indications of obstructive sleep apnea and depression, it would perhaps be hard to assess whether Mr. M has DSM-IV primary insomnia since DSM 5 enables the clinician to generate an unpremeditated attribution between obstructive sleep disorder and insomnia.

In my paper, I will tackle insomnia from various perspectives: definitions, types, causes, effects, and means of solutions.

Sleep Issue: Client has trouble to sleep while she is traveling, particularly when she had to share bed/room with her travel companions. She felt she was becoming a burden to her travel companions, and she is worrying others may think she is weird. Client also said she has trouble to sleep when someone is visiting her house as well, this includes her parents visiting. Client reflected she has a particular sleep routine.

Sleep is important not only for promoting healing, but also for the overall well-being of the individual. When there are problems with the sleeping pattern, it impacts the overall health and safety of the older adult. The person will not have enough rest and will be too tired to perform activities surrounding daily living. We have to assess the risk factors contributing to the problems of sleep disturbance and these might be “related to poor sleep hygiene, including an irregular sleep schedule, environmental noise or light, and the use of stimulants” (Mauk, 2014, p. 581). If the sleeping pattern is not assessed, possible complications will happen, such as falls that could lead to bodily injuries.

Sleep disturbance among the older adult population is known to be a prevalent issue (Gooneratne, Pack, Staley, Schutte-Rodin, Dinges, & Pack, 2011). Much study has

Morgan Manella in the article “Study: A Third of U.S. Adults Don’t Get Enough Sleep” argues that sleep deprivation can have a negative effect in someone’s health. Manella supports her argument by presenting statistics that shows how adults that don’t enough sleep have chronic conditions. The author’s purpose is to raise awareness so that people will sleep more often and have a better health condition.

Sleep is a vital component to sustaining life in humans. Even though everyone participates in sleeping, many individuals do not understand the true significance of sleeping, and what benefits and consequences come with too much or too little sleep. Sleep comes in different stages throughout the period of rest, with some stages being more important than others. By interrupting various stages, different types of problems can arise from which stage is being affected. In particular, elder adults are affected in larger numbers to a more extensive depth of issues. “However, aging does not mean elders should encounter sleep disorders; it merely increases the possibility that more elders will seek help to manage the problem” (Song, Hollenbeck, Blair, Schatzkin, Chen. 2012. p.316) By understanding possible causes for sleep disorders, what kinds of physiological effects this has on the aged anatomy, and the types of problems that appear in the psychological aspect, it becomes achievable to begin working towards reversing complications and promoting elder sleep health.

In my review of chronic illnesses, there were many contributing factors associated with the causes such as environmental, habits in diet, genetic predisposition and age. Asthma is a condition where the airways are swollen and extra mucus is produced which makes it difficult to breath. People would asthma may experience shortness of breath and chest pain. Inhalers can assist in the treatment but there is no cure present. Another chronic illness is Type 2 Diabetes which affects how the body processes glucose, whether it is resisting the hormone insulin, or unable to produce an efficient amount. Symptoms associated with this type of diabetes includes frequent urination, fatigue and vision that is blurred. There are medications to treat the illness, but the disease is lifelong. Osteoporosis is an aging condition in which bones are weak. Linked with this disorder is loss of height, stoop posture and back pain. There are medication used to assist with this condition as well as healthy habits such as calcium intake and exercise. Coronary artery disease occurs when there is plague build up in the arteries and leads to the decrease in blood circulation. Symptoms connected to the disease include chest pain, heart attacks and shortness of breath. The final disease I read about which a neurological disorder that triggers seizures is

Use two approaches to explain the following case study of the sleep disorders experienced by Mrs A.

According to the National Sleep Foundation, 30 to 40 percent of adults report symptoms of insomnia while 10 to 15 percent say they have chronic insomnia (Rivas, Anthony). Many people suffer from acute to chronic insomnia, an illness which affects the body and mind and often stems from a larger problem. However, this illness can be cured through pharmaceutical measures, cognitive behavioral therapy, and/or complementary and alternative medicines. Treatment may vary for each person, so it is important for one to talk with a doctor about what may work best for them. Insomnia comes in two types, onset and maintenance. Onset insomnia is where an individual has difficulty falling asleep and maintenance insomnia is the trouble of remaining asleep

Lack of appetite: Based on the history taken from the patient, she has a lack of appetite, going so far as to consuming just a grilled chicken sandwich and water over the course of an entire day. The lack of appetite came around the same time as her fatigue and may play a role in it. Her

The Psychology and Health journal focuses on the approaches to health and illness and contains topics such as physical illness, treatment processes and recovery; psychosocial factors, health attitudes and behavior, the individual health care system interface. The journal publishes original research, accepts meta-analyses work and presents psychological methods and efforts in health-related fields. The objective of the study Subjective age and sleep in middle-aged and older adults was to assess chronological age and how it is used to explain changes in sleep.

     “Insomnia is the inability to obtain adequate amount or quality of sleep. The difficulty can be with falling asleep, remaining asleep, or both” (“Insomnia Encyclopedia“). Sleeping is a major point in physically and mentally restoring yourself for the tasks ahead. Most people say that about eight hours of sleep is an adequate amount, however it differs from person to person depending on their sex, age, and health conditions. An estimated one-third of the population suffers from some form of insomnia. “In recent studies, a survey reported that 30% of American women and 20% of American men took medication to help them sleep during the course of a year” (“Insomnia”). The medications these people took are called

Many disorders and diseases can result from abnormal sleeping patterns that are triggered from sleep deprivation. The most common forms of sleep disorders include insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and narcolepsy (NINDS 10). All of these sleep disorders begin from sleep deprivation and can be managed once they are diagnosed correctly. According to Urban, “Nervousness, dizziness, and sleeplessness may occur”, as a result of sleep deprivation (1). This proves that the slightest health changes can occur if sleep deprivation becomes a problem. According to NINDS, “The disorders and the resulting sleep deprivation interfere with work, driving, and social activities” (10). This shows that the effects of being sleep deprived can drastically change one’s everyday