Addressing Metacognitive Capacity For With Schizophreni A Conceptual Model Of The Key Tasks And Processes

In the world today, there are many illnesses and disorders that affect people each and every day. One illness in particular that is very big in the US and all around the world is Schizophrenia. It is also the most researched topic. A person who is diagnosed with Schizophrenia lives a very different lifestyle than someone who is not. Many people would consider a person with schizophrenia to be “crazy.” Sadly enough, people with this illness do posses symptoms that might come off as crazy or insane. There are many different causes that come along with schizophrenia. A person who is diagnosed may not know it at first but they do later realize that they have some interesting thoughts, depending on the type of symptoms they posses while having this illness. Although the symptoms may be very brutal and causes cannot be controlled, there still is hope and treatments for individuals who have schizophrenia.

Individuals with Schizophrenia typically use medications to treat his or her symptoms. This paper will examine one newspaper article about research conducted by scientists at the National Institute of Mental Health and three peer-reviewed journal articles. This will be done in order to investigate if Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) aids in minimizing symptoms of Schizophrenia more effectively with medication, without medication, and in combination with other therapy styles. These articles propose that CBT should be examined with caution in order to comprehend how it impacts Schizophrenic symptoms. The effectiveness of CBT and reduction of Schizophrenic symptoms could differ in each individual. This is due to numerous factors such as, socioeconomic status, gender, race, environment, family history, and exposure to drugs. It is important to be aware that with every scientific study that is conducted, there may be errors within the study. This may be due to how the data was collected.

Beecher (2009) states that a medical model perspective has dominated throughout the mental health practice. The medical model also known as the (biomedical model), impacts the course of treatment available to individuals with schizophrenia (Beecher, 2009). The literature shows that the perception of schizophrenia has commonly been informed from a medical model paradigm (Beresford, 2005; Lightburn, 2005), which views schizophrenia as a disorder of the brain in the central nervous system which can be fixed through pharmacological and physical treatment (Beecher, 2009). The medical model of schizophrenia arose as the reaction to historical notions that individuals with a mental illness were possessed, mad and at fault for their illnesses (Beecher, 2009). The medical model has also been criticized for being too limited and too problem focused and simplistic and not accounting for a person’s external environment (Ashford et al., 2006; Sayce, 2000 as cited by Beecher, 2009). Many individuals exhibit false misconceptions and hold relativity little knowledge about people living with a mental illness (Bell et al. 2006; Mason & Miller 2006). Many of these misconceptions are constructed amongst health care professionals and the

Using the Self- Regulation Model (SRM) method of research, 124 people with schizophrenia were assessed to measure the severity of the symptoms and what they believed about their mental disorder. A modified version of The Illness Perception Questionnaire for Schizophrenia was used to assess the beliefs about mental health problems. The research revealed people believed that their problems were recurring and they had some control over their symptoms. They also held the belief that professional mental health care would help them regulate the symptoms. This study is relevant in terms of views people schizophrenia have about their

Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic mental illness characterized by substantial cognitive, emotional and perceptual deficits. The symptoms and dysfunctions of schizophrenia manifest themselves in varying states of severity across individuals but are often associated with high rates of mortality, substance abuse, and co-morbidity with other mental disorders. In addition to earlier mortality rates (Crump, Winkleby, Sundquist & Sundquist, 2013), symptoms of schizophrenia often interfere with one’s ability to function and perform daily tasks. Cognitive impairment (CI) has specifically been identified as a critical barrier to functional recovery for individuals and as a result, cognitive remediation (CR) programs are increasingly employed as treatment interventions to address these issues. Empirical support for the benefits of CR on cognition in schizophrenia is growing; however, the best

Schizophrenia is a disease process that is characterized by periods of irrational behavior, emotional changes, and distorted views of reality. According to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, this illness affects about one percent of the population. In the past, the general belief about schizophrenia was that it was untreatable and that all patients with this disease needed to be institutionalized. Although that could still be a viable option in isolated cases of extreme psychosis, most patients nowadays use a combination of individual or group therapy and pharmacological therapy to reduce and control their symptoms. As a result, these patients are able to adapt and learn to live with this illness.

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder characterized by the breakdown of the thought processes, of emotional responsiveness and of contact with reality. The term schizophrenia itself means “fragmented mind.” A person with this disorder has trouble with deciphering between what is “real” and what is “unreal”. (Gur & Johnson, 2006)

Medication has been the most successful treatment by far. Antipsychotic drugs do little for helping the patient understand and deal with various aspects of their illness. Because of this, psychotherapy is absolutely necessary along with medication. Alarmingly, a recent study shows that only a third of schizophrenia patients are getting the correct

The psychodynamic explanation of the psychological viewpoint is based upon Freud’s theory that schizophrenia develops from two psychological processes: regression to a pre-ego stage and efforts to reestablish ego control (Comer, 2005). Freud believed that symptoms

Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that is characterized by a variety of symptoms and the disorganization of feeling and thought. It is an incurable disease whose causes are unknown, yet whose effects are mind and body crippling. (Young, 1988, p.13-14) This topic was chosen because it is interesting to study a disorder that worldwide, is viewed as a classic example of madness and insanity. Another reason of interest is because unlike many illnesses, schizophrenia doesn't have a noticeable pattern and its difficulty to be diagnosed as a disease makes the collection of statistics difficult. It is important to learn more about schizophrenia because a significant numbr of people are affected everyday

Clearly, this is a very serious disorder, which is often utterly incapacitating. Therefore, individuals urgently require efficacious treatment, both for survival and for quality of life, and many different kinds of treatment and therapy are used. This paper will examine the use of two of these, cognitive behavioral therapy and drug therapy, and evaluate which one is better. It will take the position that drug therapy is a more effective therapy for treating schizophrenia than is cognitive behavioral therapy.

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that has been widely studied. Trudy Meehan and Malcolm MacLachlan, in the article “Self Construction in schizophrenia: A discourse analysis”, seek to shed light on the topic of self-construction in those with schizophrenia. The main issue they are addressing is whether or not using the discursive model of self-construction will provide a better and more accurate way of analyzing how people diagnosed with schizophrenia construct self as opposed to using only the dialogical model of self.

In this experiencement, it aims to investigate the extent of mentalizing impairment in people with schizophrenia. Meaning, “Theory of mind’ and ‘mentalizing’ refer to the cognitive ability to attribute mental states such as thoughts, beliefs and intentions to people, allowing an individual to explain, manipulate and predict behaviour.” (Sponge, 5). The overall scale of this topic is rather large, combining twenty-nine other studies together, alongside a sample size of 1,500 participants, and a healthy standard deviation on the data collected. The purpose for this meta analysis is to create a cohesive estimate of the other studies and put them together to have a more detailed analysis. A meta analysis is a study that combines data from multiple previous studies, the goal is to find possible similarities and common traits that could be used to formulate a theory.

Schizophrenia, unlike most disorders, is a standout amongst the most genuine of the mental disorders. It is known that one in a hundred individuals are affected by it, and starts in either youth or early adulthood. Schizophrenia brings social interruption, anguish and hardship to the individuals who experience the ill effects of it, as well as to their family. Under those circumstances, it is known to be the most devastating of all disorders. There are both negative and positive symptoms when it comes to dealing with schizophrenia. Despite the fact that there are various negative indications, the most present one is limitations or absence in thoughts and behaviours that are characteristics in normal functioning. For this

Metacognition can be considered as part of constructivist theory, and can be best conceptualized as “thinking about thinking”. While metacognition began to rise into common usage in the 1970s, there is no agreed upon concept. A lack of a clearly guided conceptual framework, as noted by Winters et al. (2008), creates a confusion of terminology and the lack of a single definition. While there are competing theoretical models and some disagreement over how best to define the term and its constituent parts, it is generally agreed the topic of metacognition is concerned with metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive experience, and metacognitive regulation and monitoring. (Flavell, 1979; Hacker, Dunlosky, & Glaesser, 1998; McCormick, 2003; Zimmerman & Schunk, 2011; McLeod, 1997; Schneider & Lockl, 2002; Cross & Paris, 1988; Flavell, 1979; Paris & Winograd, 1990; Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Schraw et al., 2006; Whitebread et al., 1990).