Admin Law

Separation of powers is an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of governments in separate bodies. In Document B it states "Liberty requires that great departments of powers should be separate and distinct." Separation of powers protects against tyranny because it allows each branch to have a different view point on a subject of matter. It allows people to express their

Legislation is a law or act which has been enacted by a governing body. Legislation can have many purposes: to regulate, authorize, provide (funds), declare or to restrict. Legislations are important throughout any work environment and society as without them we are not protected from

The outcome of cases that have gone through the United States Supreme Court judicial branch have each had a major impact on how the laws and amendments of the United States Constitution are interpreted. Two cases in particular that expanded constitutional liberties is the case of Engel vs. Vitale (1962) and the case of Tinker vs. Des Moines School District (1969). Not only did both of these cases expand constitutional liberties in general, they more specifically, expanded rights within the school system.

The Legislature power is a power that makes law for regulation of peoples and private organisations conduct, also structure and power of public authorities which is ran by the Parliament. This includes bodies such as House of Lords, House of Commons and the Queen. The Executive power is the administrative branch of government that implements the law, which are made by legislators. Bodies that regulate this are the Queen, Prime Minister, other Ministers, Civil service, police and armed forces. Introduction of the legislation, controlling security and public services, supporting prosperity and conducting the external relation of the state are the roles of the executive power. The Judiciary is the power that

Legislation is a law or a couple of laws made by the government and finalised by the parliament. The parliament decides whether the legislation is good enough or needs improvement.

Throughout the history of the Supreme Court, there have been numerous notable court cases. However, none of these would have been possible without Maybury v. Madison. It occurred in 1803, when John Adams decided to appoint several justices at the last minute. Not all of these letters were delivered, and one of the judges, Maybury decided to sue Madison. Madison won, and this court case creates Judicial Review.

Throughout history, many cases have gone beyond local courts and have reached Supreme Court. One of the most famous cases to reach Supreme Court is Marbury v. Madison. Marbury v. Madison was a case that was fought because James Madison refused to deliver Marbury’s commission. In return, Marbury had petitioned for a writ of mandamus in order to receive his commissions. The Supreme Court had reinforced the “Marbury” decision in many cases, for example McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, and United States v. Le Baron.

A lot of court cases are historically important and sometimes they the result in changing certain laws. For example, the Brown v. Board of Ed court case ended racial segregation in the U.S., and the Gideon v. Wainwright case required the state to provide low-income defendants with an attorney if they could not afford one. These two cases changed the Federal Constitution against racism and made it possible for all citizens to have the same rights in Untied State, and everyone experiences these changes on a daily basis. Another court case made a change in the Federal Constitution is Tinker v. Des Moines. Tinker v. Des Moines court case took a big part during the Vietnam War because it brought even more attention to the

The case of Marbury vs. Madison established judicial review of acts of Congress to determine if they are unconstitutional. It was so epochal because had it not established judicial review, Congress would be free to pass laws that are completely unconstitutional and a violation of the rights set in place by the first ten amendments. It brought order out of the chaos that occurred when Adams appointed the Midnight Judges. Over the long term, it has affected many congressional bills that if passed, would not be constitutional.

It would be impractical for judges to not make law in some situations as both parties in the case would not want the judge to refuse to deal with the case and they would want the matter decided. ‘Judicial decisions are important as a source of law on matters where the government is

High Court interpretations of the Constitution have also played a vital role in the change of the division of lawmaking power. One example is the Franklin River Dam Case where the Tasmanian Government challenged the Commonwealth Parliament in the High Court over the validity of the World Heritage

An example of this is the Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, one of the first famous cases. This case opposed the separate but equal doctrine. The entire event was based off of cases before it (www.uscourts.gov). The 4 cases before that led up to main event included Murray v. Maryland (1936), Missouri ex rel Gaines v. Canada (1938), Sweat v. Painter (1950), McLaurin v. Oklahoma Board of Regents of Higher Education (1950), and finally the main Brown v. Board of Education (1954) (www.uscourts.gov). The 5 cases that were summed up as the Brown v. Board were the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Briggs v. Elliot, Davis v. Board of Education of Prince Edward County (VA.), Boiling v. Sharpe, and Gebhart v. Ethel. The reason these 5 were put together was because they all related to segregation in public schools. Sociology tests proved that segregation schools made black children feel inferior to the white (www.uscourts.gov). The Supreme Court obtained information on all the states with laws permitting schools to submit plans for segregations from each attorney general of every state. The court wanted other opinions on the case based on all the states. Although this case ended segregation in public schools, rules needed to be arranged in the public transportation

There has been many issues where policy decisions have been determined by courts. For example, federal courts have taken the lead in eliminating racial segregation and guaranteeing individual voters an equal voice in government. Little Rock Nine exemplifies the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown v Board of Education of Topeka Kansas tied to the 14th Amendment that segregated schools are unconstitutional. Voting Right Act of 1965 is a prime example of the policy decision that guarantees individual voters in equal voice in government.

The doctrine of the separation of powers is an important principle in Constitutional law. The separation of the legislature is the power to make laws; the executive is the power to administer the laws; and the judiciary is the power to interpret and enforce laws that is constructed through the Commonwealth of Australia.

Legislation is the law that has been made and also enacted by a legal or another government body and it is used to regulate, proscribe and provide.